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Clinical characteristics of confirmed and clinically diagnosed patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia: a single-center, retrospective, case-control study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. At the peak of the outbreak in Wuhan (January and February), there are two types of COVID-19 patients: laboratory confirmation and clinical diagnosis. This study aims to compare and analyze the clinical outcomes and characteristics of confirmed and clinically diagnosed COVID-19 patients to determine whether they are of the same type and require equal treatment. More importantly, the prognostic factors of COVID-19 patients are explored. METHODS:A total of 194 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were retrospectively studied. Demographic data, clinical characteristcs, laboratory results and prognostic information were collected by electronic medical record system and analyzed. RESULTS:Among 194 subjects included, 173 were confirmed and 21 were clinically diagnosed. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes (mortality rate 39[22.54%] vs 7[33.33%], P=0.272) and hospital stay (19.00 vs 16.90 days, P=0.411) between the confirmed and clinically diagnosed group, and prognostic factors were similar between them. Older age, lower albumin levels, higher serum Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, higher D-D levels, longer prothrombin time (PT), higher IL-6 levels, lower T cells indicated poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. NK cell has the highest AUC among all measured indicators (NK AUC=0.926, P<0.001). CONCLUSION:Laboratory-confirmed and clinically diagnosed COVID-19 patients are similar in clinical outcomes and most clinical characteristics. They are of the same type and require equal treatment. Age, AST, LDH, BUN, PT, D-D, IL6, white blood cell and neutrophil counts, T cell and T cell subset counts can efficiently predict clinical outcomes.

SUBMITTER: Ke C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7386390 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Clinical characteristics of confirmed and clinically diagnosed patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia: a single-center, retrospective, case-control study.

Ke Chunjin C Yu Chong C Yue Daoyuan D Zeng Xing X Hu Zhiquan Z Yang Chunguang C

Medicina clinica 20200728 8

<h4>Background</h4>Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. At the peak of the outbreak in Wuhan (January and February), there are two types of COVID-19 patients: laboratory confirmation and clinical diagnosis. This study aims to compare and analyze the clinical outcomes and characteristics of confirmed and clinically diagnosed COVID-19 patients to determine whether they are of the same type and require equal treatment. More importantly, t ...[more]

PMID: 32782109

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Project description:OBJECTIVE:To delineate the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) who died. DESIGN:Retrospective case series. SETTING:Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. PARTICIPANTS:Among a cohort of 799 patients, 113 who died and 161 who recovered with a diagnosis of covid-19 were analysed. Data were collected until 28 February 2020. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings were obtained from electronic medical records with data collection forms. RESULTS:The median age of deceased patients (68 years) was significantly older than recovered patients (51 years). Male sex was more predominant in deceased patients (83; 73%) than in recovered patients (88; 55%). Chronic hypertension and other cardiovascular comorbidities were more frequent among deceased patients (54 (48%) and 16 (14%)) than recovered patients (39 (24%) and 7 (4%)). Dyspnoea, chest tightness, and disorder of consciousness were more common in deceased patients (70 (62%), 55 (49%), and 25 (22%)) than in recovered patients (50 (31%), 48 (30%), and 1 (1%)). The median time from disease onset to death in deceased patients was 16 (interquartile range 12.0-20.0) days. Leukocytosis was present in 56 (50%) patients who died and 6 (4%) who recovered, and lymphopenia was present in 103 (91%) and 76 (47%) respectively. Concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cardiac troponin I, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and D-dimer were markedly higher in deceased patients than in recovered patients. Common complications observed more frequently in deceased patients included acute respiratory distress syndrome (113; 100%), type I respiratory failure (18/35; 51%), sepsis (113; 100%), acute cardiac injury (72/94; 77%), heart failure (41/83; 49%), alkalosis (14/35; 40%), hyperkalaemia (42; 37%), acute kidney injury (28; 25%), and hypoxic encephalopathy (23; 20%). Patients with cardiovascular comorbidity were more likely to develop cardiac complications. Regardless of history of cardiovascular disease, acute cardiac injury and heart failure were more common in deceased patients. CONCLUSION:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can cause both pulmonary and systemic inflammation, leading to multi-organ dysfunction in patients at high risk. Acute respiratory distress syndrome and respiratory failure, sepsis, acute cardiac injury, and heart failure were the most common critical complications during exacerbation of covid-19.

Project description:BackgroundPrevious studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have focused on populations with normal immunity, but lack data on immunocompromised populations.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients.Design, setting, and participantsA total of 10 renal transplant recipients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled in this retrospective study. In addition, 10 of their family members diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia were included in the control group.InterventionImmunosuppressant reduction and low-dose methylprednisolone therapy.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisThe clinical outcomes (the severity of pneumonia, recovery rate, time of virus shedding, and length of illness) were compared with the control group by statistical analysis.Results and limitationsThe clinical symptomatic, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in the renal transplant recipients were similar to those of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in the general population. The severity of COVID-19 pneumonia was greater in the transplant recipients than in the control group (five severe/three critical cases vs one severe case). Five patients developed transient renal allograft damage. After a longer time of virus shedding (28.4?±?9.3 vs 12.2?±?4.6 d in the control group) and a longer course of illness (35.3?±?8.3 vs 18.8?±?10.5 d in the control group), nine of the 10 transplant patients recovered successfully after treatment. One patient developed acute renal graft failure and died of progressive respiratory failure.ConclusionsKidney transplant recipients had more severe COVID-19 pneumonia than the general population, but most of them recovered after a prolonged clinical course and virus shedding. Findings from this small group of cases may have important implications for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia in immunosuppressed populations.Patient summaryImmunosuppressed transplant recipients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection had more severe pneumonia, but most of them still achieved a good prognosis after appropriate treatment.

Project description:BackgroundPatients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia are hypercoagulable and are at risk for acute pulmonary embolism. Timely diagnosis is imperative for their prognosis and recovery. This case describes an otherwise healthy 55-year-old man with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilatory support secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. Massive acute pulmonary embolism with right heart failure complicated his course.CaseA healthy 55-year-old man presented to our emergency department (ED) with a sore throat, cough, and myalgia. A nasopharyngeal swab was obtained, and he was discharged for home quarantine. His swab turned positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR) on day 2 of his ED visit. A week later, he represented with worsening shortness of breath, requiring intubation for hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia. Initially, he was easy to oxygenate, had no hemodynamic compromise, and was afebrile. On day 3, he became febrile and developed significant hemodynamic instability requiring maximum vasopressor support and oxygenation difficulty. His ECG revealed sinus tachycardia with S1Q3T3 pattern. On bedside TTE, there was evidence of right heart strain and elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 45 mmHg. All data was indicative of a massive APE as the etiology for his hemodynamic collapse. A decision was made to forgo computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), given his clinical instability, and systemic thrombolytic therapy was administered. Within the next 12-24 hours, his hemodynamic status significantly improved.ConclusionsThis case highlights the importance of considering massive APE in COVID-19 patients as a cause of the sudden and rapid hemodynamic decline. Furthermore, timely diagnosis can be made to aid in appropriate management with the help of bedside TTE and ECG in cases where CTPA is not feasible secondary to the patient's hemodynamic instability.

Dataset Information

Clinical characteristics of confirmed and clinically diagnosed patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia: a single-center, retrospective, case-control study.

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Clinical characteristics of confirmed and clinically diagnosed patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia: a single-center, retrospective, case-control study.

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