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Impact of Acute Eccentric versus Concentric Running on Exercise-Induced Fat Oxidation and Postexercise Physical Activity in Untrained Men.

ABSTRACT: Introduction:This study aimed at comparing the rate of exercise-induced fat oxidation and postexercise free-living physical activity after constant-load flat running (FR) and downhill running (DHR) bouts at an intensity that elicited maximal fat oxidation. Methods:Participants were 11 healthy untrained men (mean age 25.6 ± 3.3 years; VO2max39.11 ± 8.05?ml/kg/min). The study included four visits. The first two visits determined the intensity of maximal fat oxidation during incremental FR and DHR tests. The second two visits involved constant-load FR or DHR at the intensity that elicited maximal fat oxidation in a counterbalanced order separated by two weeks. Gas exchange analysis was used to measure substrate oxidation during all exercise sessions. Sedentary time and physical activity were measured using ActiGraph triaxial accelerometers for three days including the day of exercise tests (the second day). Results:During the incremental exercise tests, fat oxidation was significantly greater during the first stage of FR (P < 0.05) but started to increase during the fourth stage of DHR, although this did not reach significance. Of the 11 participants, 7 had greater fat oxidation during DHR. During continuous constant-load running, fat oxidation was higher during DHR than FR but at only two stages was either significant or borderline significant, and the time/group interaction was not significant. There was no significant effect on sedentary time of time/group interaction (P = 0.769), but there was a significant effect of time (P = 0.005), and there was no significant effect on total physical activity of time/group interaction (P = 0.283) or time (P = 0.602). Conclusion:Acute aerobic eccentric exercise at an intensity eliciting maximal fat oxidation enhanced exercise-induced fat oxidation without worsening postexercise free-living physical activity, indicating it could be a useful training modality in weight management programs.

SUBMITTER: Alkahtani S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7387993 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impact of Acute Eccentric versus Concentric Running on Exercise-Induced Fat Oxidation and Postexercise Physical Activity in Untrained Men.

Alkahtani Shaea S Aljuhani Osama O Alkhalidi Nasser N Almasuod Naif N Hezam Omar O Aljaloud Ibrahim I Dawoud Haitham Abdel Hamid HAH Abdusalam Ahmed A

BioMed research international 20200720

<h4>Introduction</h4>This study aimed at comparing the rate of exercise-induced fat oxidation and postexercise free-living physical activity after constant-load flat running (FR) and downhill running (DHR) bouts at an intensity that elicited maximal fat oxidation.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants were 11 healthy untrained men (mean age 25.6 ± 3.3 years; VO<sub>2max</sub>39.11 ± 8.05 ml/kg/min). The study included four visits. The first two visits determined the intensity of maximal fat oxidation duri ...[more]

PMID: 32766306

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Project description:PurposeMuscle contraction type in resistance exercise training may confer benefits besides strength in individuals with osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. The purpose of the study was to explore whether Eccentric-resistance training (RT) improved hemodynamic responses to acute walking exercise stress compared to Concentric-RT among individuals with knee OA over four months.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis from a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study. Participants (N = 88; 68.3 ± 6.4 yrs; 67.4% female) were randomized to one of two work-matched resistance training (RT) programs against a non-RT control group. Pre-training and month four, participants completed a self-paced Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and progressive treadmill exercise test. Heart rates, blood pressures and mean arterial pressures (MAP) were captured during each test. Antihypertensive medications use was documented at each time point.ResultsLeg strength improved in both training groups by month four (p < .05). Changes in 6MWT distance and progressive treadmill test time were not different across groups over four months. Neither Concentric or Eccentric RT produced different hemodyamic responses during the 6MWT compared to the control group post-training. However, Concentric RT was associated with 6.0%-7.4% reductions in systolic blood pressure during the graded treadmill walking test at 50%, 75% and 100% of the test time compared to Eccentric RT and the controls (p = .045). MAP values were lower at 75% and 100% of the treadmill test after Concentric RT (5.7%-6.0% reductions) compared to Eccentric RT (1.0%-2.4% reductions) and controls (1.5% and 4.0% elevations) post-training (p = .024). Antihypertensive medication use did not change in any group.ConclusionsThe repeated, progressive exposures of Concentric RT-induced blunted the hypertensive responses to acute exercise compared to Eccentric-RT. Among people with knee OA, Concentric-RT may confer strength benefits to manage OA and possibly reduce cardiovascular stress during exercise.

Project description:BackgroundKnee osteoarthritis-related pain limits physical function and leads to functional disability. Physical activity is one of the central recommendations for the management of knee osteoarthritis. Although concentric muscle activities are often preferred to eccentric ones, the corresponding rationale remains controversial.ObjectiveTo explore the effect of a 6-week exercise program on function, pain, and performance in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.MethodsPatients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis were included in the prospective EX-ART project (Walking performance in osteoARThritic subjects: effect of an ECCentric muscle strengthening program) and randomized in a 6-week rehabilitation program including either eccentric or concentric activities. Metrics of interest chosen as end points measured before and after the rehabilitation were WOMAC score, pain, and muscular performance (quadriceps power PMAX and contraction strength MMAX). MRI was also used to assess muscle volume and fat infiltration changes.Results30 patients were included in each group; mean age was 74 (±7.6); 69% were women. At week 6, both groups showed a significant improvement in the WOMAC without difference between the two groups (p = 0.7). No difference between the two groups was identified for the pain reduction (p = 0.7). A significant improvement in the change in PMAX and MMAX at high velocity (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002) was observed in the eccentric group only. A vastus medialis hypertrophy was quantified in the eccentric group only (p = 0.002), whereas fat infiltration in the quadriceps muscles was unchanged.ConclusionPhysical activity, whether eccentric or concentric, has a benefit on function and pain in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. A few differences have been identified between the two types of rehabilitation. More particularly, a gain in muscle performance and vastus medialis volume was found with eccentric rehabilitation only.Registrationwww.ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number NCT03167502.

Project description:BackgroundAvenanthramides (AVA) are a group of di-phenolic acids found only in oats and have shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Eccentric muscle contraction is intimately involved in rigorous exercise that activates systemic and local inflammatory responses. The objective of the study is to evaluate whether chronic AVA supplementation could attenuate peripheral inflammatory and immunological markers in human subjects in response to an acute bout of downhill running (DR).MethodsEleven male and thirteen female subjects voluntarily participated in this double-blinded, randomized controlled study and were randomly divided into AVA-supplemented (AVA) or control (C) groups. All subjects conducted a DR protocol at - 10% grade with an intensity equivalent to 75% of their maximal heart rate. Blood samples were collected at rest and various time points (0-72 h) after DR (PRE). After an 8-week washout period, participants received two cookies daily containing either 206 mg/kg (AVA) or 0 mg/kg (C) AVA for 8 weeks. Following the oat supplementation regimen, the DR and blood sampling protocols were repeated (POST). Plasma inflammatory and immunological markers were measured using Multiplex immunoassay and muscle soreness was evaluated with pain rating scale.ResultsDR increased plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity (P < 0.01) during PRE, but the response was reduced at 24 and 48 h during POST vs. PRE regardless of AVA status (P < 0.05). Neutrophil respiratory burst (NRB) levels were elevated at 4 and 24 h (P < 0.05) during PRE but were significantly decreased at 0-48 h during POST vs. PRE (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), the neutrophil stimulating cytokine, was also increased in response to DR but showed lower levels in AVA compared to C during POST vs. PRE (P < 0.05). Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) content showed an increase at 0 and 4 h during PRE and 0 h during POST (P < 0.01), whereas during POST there was a trend toward a lower IL-6 level in AVA vs. C (P = 0.082). Plasma levels of anti-inflammatory agent interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) showed an increase at 4 h during PRE, and was significantly elevated in AVA vs. C during POST. Both soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) contents increased at 0 and 24 h post DR during PRE as well as POST sessions, however, sVCAM-1 content was lower in AVA vs. C during POST (P < 0.05) and MCP-1 levels were below resting level at 24, 48 and 72 h during POST (P < 0.05). DR increased muscle pain at all post-DR time points (P < 0.01), but the pain level was alleviated by oat supplementation at 48 and 72 h during POST regardless of AVA treatment (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOat AVA supplementation reduced circulatory inflammatory cytokines and inhibited expression of chemokines and cell adhesion molecules induced by DR.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02584946 . Registered 23 October 2015.

Project description:Eccentric types of endurance exercise are an acknowledged alternative to conventional concentric types of exercise rehabilitation for the cardiac patient, because they reduce cardiorespiratory strain due to a lower metabolic cost of producing an equivalent mechanical output. The former contention has not been tested in a power- and work-matched situation of interval-type exercise under identical conditions because concentric and eccentric types of exercise pose specific demands on the exercise machinery, which are not fulfilled in current practice. Here we tested cardiovascular and muscular consequences of work-matched interval-type of leg exercise (target workload of 15 sets of 1-min bipedal cycles of knee extension and flexion at 30 rpm with 17% of maximal concentric power) on a soft robotic device in healthy subjects by concomitantly monitoring respiration, blood glucose and lactate, and power during exercise and recovery. We hypothesized that interval-type of eccentric exercise lowers strain on glucose-related aerobic metabolism compared to work-matched concentric exercise, and reduces cardiorespiratory strain to levels being acceptable for the cardiac patient. Eight physically active male subjects (24.0 years, 74.7 kg, 3.4 L O2 min-1), which power and endurance performance was extensively characterized, completed the study, finalizing 12 sets on average. Average performance was similar during concentric and eccentric exercise (p = 0.75) but lower than during constant load endurance exercise on a cycle ergometer at 75% of peak aerobic power output (126 vs. 188 Watt) that is recommended for improving endurance capacity. Peak oxygen uptake (-17%), peak ventilation (-23%), peak cardiac output (-16%), and blood lactate (-37%) during soft robotic exercise were lower during eccentric than concentric exercise. Glucose was 8% increased after eccentric exercise when peak RER was 12% lower than during concentric exercise. Muscle power and RFD were similarly reduced after eccentric and concentric exercise. The results highlight that the deployed interval-type of eccentric leg exercise reduces metabolic strain of the cardiovasculature and muscle compared to concentric exercise, to recommended levels for cardio-rehabilitation (i.e., 50-70% of peak heart rate). Increases in blood glucose concentration indicate that resistance to contraction-induced glucose uptake after the deployed eccentric protocol is unrelated to muscle fatigue.

Dataset Information

Impact of Acute Eccentric versus Concentric Running on Exercise-Induced Fat Oxidation and Postexercise Physical Activity in Untrained Men.

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Impact of Acute Eccentric versus Concentric Running on Exercise-Induced Fat Oxidation and Postexercise Physical Activity in Untrained Men.

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