Corneal collagen cross-linking for bacterial infectious keratitis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Davis SA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7389372 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:PurposeTo describe a case of rapid keratitis and corneal perforation after epithelium off collagen cross-linking.ObservationsWe report a case of a 17-year-old male who underwent collagen cross-linking with the protocol and device approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that developed a corneal infiltrate 3 days after the procedure. He later developed corneal thinning and perforation on day 5 requiring the use of cyanoacrylate glue and a Kontur lens. Despite initial improvement in the infiltrate with fortified antibiotics he later had leakage of aqueous around the glue and a flat chamber requiring an emergent penetrating keratoplasty on postoperative day 16.Conclusion and importanceWhile collagen cross-linking has been very effective for treating keratoconus and is being recommended more frequently since FDA approval in the United States, severe complications such as corneal perforation requiring early transplant can still occur.
| S-EPMC7132167 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo investigate patient risk factors and to look for potential causes of sterile infiltrates following an unexpected cluster of sterile keratitis after a routine collagen cross-linking (CXL) list.MethodsThe records of all 148 cases of CXL were reviewed retrospectively. The equipment and solutions used and our clinic's standard operating procedure for CXL were reviewed. An in-vitro experiment to explore the variation in ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiance from fluctuations in the working distance of the UVA lamp was conducted.ResultsThe four patients who developed sterile infiltrates had steeper maximum corneal curvatures (68.0±7.3?D) and thinner pachymetry (389.9±49.0??m) than the 144 who did not (57.0±8.2?D, P=0.05; 454.6±45.4??m, P=0.08). A corneal curvature of >60?Dand a pachymetry of <425??m were significant risk factors. All four affected cases obtained a complete resolution with topical antibiotics and steroids. The unaided VA and the maximum K improved from their pre-operative levels in three out of four patients. A 2-mm reduction in distance of the VEGA C.B.M. X-Linker from a treated surface increased irradiance to 3.5-3.7?mW/cm(2), which is above the threshold for endothelial toxicity.ConclusionPatients with thinner and steeper corneas are at an increased risk of developing sterile keratitis. The visual outcomes despite this complication are good.
| S-EPMC4274277 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To evaluate the efficacy of collagen cross-linking (CXL) one year after treatment for keratoconus compared to no treatment by summarizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using a systematic review.Trials meeting the selection criteria were quality appraised, and the data were extracted by two independent authors. The outcome parameters included maximum keratometry (Kmax), corneal thickness at the thinnest point, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), spherical equivalent (SE) refraction, and cylindrical refraction one year after CXL. We compared the changes in the above parameters with the control group.We identified five RCTs involving 289 eyes that met the eligibility criteria for this systematic review. The changes in BSCVA from baseline to one year exhibited a significant difference between the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for changes in corneal thickness and cylindrical refraction. We did not conduct a meta-analysis in Kmax, UCVA, and SE refraction because their I2 values were greater than 50%.According to the systematic review, CXL may be effective in halting the progression of keratoconus for one year under certain conditions, although evidence is limited due to the significant heterogeneity and paucity of RCTs.
| S-EPMC5485290 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundThis study aimed to compare the complication rates of epithelium-off corneal cross-linking (epi-off CXL) performed in an office-based setting with those of epi-off CXL performed in an operating room.MethodsA retrospective cohort study, comprising 501 consecutive epi-off CXL procedures, performed in a non-sterile procedure room without laminar flow ventilation at the ELZA Institute in Zurich, Switzerland, between November 2015 and October 2021, was conducted.ResultsNo cases of postoperative infectious keratitis were observed, while sterile infiltrates occurred in 10 out of 501 (2.00%) patients, all of whom responded well to topical steroid therapy. Delayed epithelialization (> 7 days) occurred in 14 out of 501 (2.79%) patients. No other adverse events were noted.ConclusionsOffice-based epi-off CXL does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of complications when compared to operating room settings.
| S-EPMC10472555 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bacterial keratitis results in corneal scarring and subsequent visual impairment. The long-term evolution of corneal scars has not been well described. In this case series, we identified patients who had improvement in corneal scarring and visual acuity from a clinical trial for bacterial keratitis.We searched the records of the Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial (SCUT) for patients who had improvement in vision between the 3-month and 12-month visits and reviewed their clinical photographs.Of the 500 patients enrolled in SCUT, five patients with large central corneal scars due to bacterial keratitis are presented. All experienced improvement in rigid contact lens-corrected visual acuity from months 3 to 12. All patients also had marked improvement in corneal opacity during the same time period. None of the patients opted to have penetrating keratoplasty.Corneal scars may continue to improve even many months after a bacterial corneal ulcer has healed. The corneal remodeling can be accompanied by considerable improvement in visual acuity, such that corneal transplantation may not be necessary.
| S-EPMC3597874 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionEpithelium-off cross-linking (epi-off CXL) has long been established as the gold standard treatment for progressive keratoconus. Several protocols for epithelium-on (epi-on) CXL have been proposed to help reduce post-operative pain and facilitate visual recovery, but there is no epi-on treatment approach that is currently approved in the United States. The hydrophilic and macromolecular characteristics of conventional epi-off riboflavin formulations may create clinical challenges for absorption through an intact epithelium. This study investigates the clinical efficacy of a dextran-free hypotonic riboflavin ophthalmic solution (Photrexa, Glaukos, Burlington, MA, USA), approved for epi-off CXL, in a novel epi-on CXL protocol.MethodsTwenty-five eyes of 17 patients were treated in this prospective, single-arm study using a hypotonic riboflavin formulation without dextran and low irradiance UVA (3mW/cm2) for epi-on CXL. Visual acuity, as well as refractive and keratometry outcomes, were observed over 12 months.ResultsAt 12 months, Kmax was stable with no clinically or statistically significant change from a mean pre-op of 55.4D to 55.9D (p=0.13). Uncorrected and best corrected logMAR visual acuity significantly improved from 0.77 to 0.62 and from 0.17 to 0.12, respectively. There were no significant adverse safety events.ConclusionPatients who underwent epi-on CXL with dextran-free hypotonic riboflavin demonstrated improvements in uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity with stable keratometry at 12 months post-operatively. The efficacy is consistent with other epi-on studies to date but remains lower than standard epi-off CXL. New technologies, including supplemental oxygen and transepithelial riboflavin ophthalmic solutions, are currently under clinical evaluation and may offer a path forward for epi-on CXL in the USA.
| S-EPMC8273905 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study aimed to quantify the changes in corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) before and after treatment for infectious keratitis and verify the correlation between corneal HOAs and visual acuity. Corneal HOAs were analysed using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Ninety-eight eyes of 96 consecutive patients with infectious keratitis treated with topical eye drops were retrospectively evaluated. Corneal HOAs increased with the infection but decreased with infection resolution following antimicrobial treatment. Corneal HOAs became larger as the degree of corneal findings became more severe. The increase in HOAs of the total cornea was correlated with the decrease in visual acuity both before and after treatment (4 mm, ρ = 0.530 and 0.590; 6 mm, ρ = 0.479 and 0.567, respectively; all P < 0.0001). Furthermore, pretreatment HOA (anterior, 6 mm), pretreatment logMAR best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, and age were prognostic factors significantly associated with posttreatment visual acuity (β = 0.31, P = 0.013; β = 0.36, P < 0.0001; and β = 0.35, P = 0.0007, respectively) (adjusted R2 = 0.474). These results indicate that corneal HOAs quantified using AS-OCT can be used as an objective index to evaluate corneal optical function during the treatment of infectious keratitis.
| S-EPMC9842715 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To investigate whether keratoconus (KC) patients who applied the corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) and two different contact lens (CL) showed any differences in complaints and findings following the CXL.This prospective, comparative, double-blind clinical study involved 60 eyes of 60 patients (38 female and 22 male). At the end of the CXL procedure, CL (Balafilcon A) was inserted in 29 patients (Group-1) while CL with different material content (Hioxifilcon A) designed for therapeutic/bandage purposes were inserted in 31 patients (Group-2).On the 1st and 3th day after the CXL, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of the postoperative symptoms. On the 3th day after the CXL, all cases of both two groups were found to complete the corneal re-epithelialization. There was more PE ratio in the patients who had allergic conjunctivitis.With the use of Balafilcon A and Hioxifilcon A lens materials, KC patients who underwent the CXL were found to have similar symptoms and clinical findings after the CXL. However, epithelial staining and PE were observed more in KC cases accompanied by allergic conjunctivitis.
| S-EPMC5510126 | biostudies-other
Project description:PurposeTo investigate whether the protection of corneal limbus from riboflavin exposure during collagen cross-linking (CXL) prevents limbal epithelial stem cell (LESC) loss.MethodsTen New Zealand white rabbits received an epithelium-off CXL using an accelerated protocol. Seven days before procedure, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was intraperitoneally injected. During procedure, riboflavin was applied to the corneal surface within a 9 mm diameter retention ring in 5 rabbits, thereby preventing the limbus from riboflavin exposure. In other 5 rabbits, riboflavin was instilled every 2 min, allowing the spillover to the limbus. One day after UVA irradiation, corneas were subjected to histological and molecular assays.ResultsThere were no differences in corneal thickness and epithelial healing between the groups. The numbers of BrdU-labelled and p63+ limbal epithelial cells were markedly reduced in the group without a ring, but significantly increased when a ring was used. Robust expression of CK3/12 was observed in the limbal epithelium in the group with a ring. The mRNA levels of ABCG2, FGF2, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly increased in the corneas with a ring.ConclusionsProtection of limbus from riboflavin during CXL was effective in preserving LESCs. However, inflammation was increased in the cornea treated with riboflavin using a ring.
| S-EPMC6008863 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe purpose of the study was to determine the advantages and disadvantages of epi-on corneal cross-linking (CXL) techniques compared with standard epi-off CXL.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSIs) and we evaluated the selected papers according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool. We considered, as primary outcomes, average Kmax flattening, changes in uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA); as secondary outcomes, we considered changes in pachymetry values and endothelial cell density (ECD). We also investigated adverse events related to the treatments and treatment failure. Meta-analysis was conducted with a fixed or random-effects model using weighted mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) as the effect size.ResultsA total of 15 studies were included and among these 15 trials, 9 were RCTs and 6 were NRSIs, but only 4 studies showed no high risk of bias and were included in this meta-analysis. Our analysis revealed significant postoperative differences in CDVA (MD = 0.07; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.10; P < 0.001), and no significative differences in UDVA, Kmax, central corneal thickness (CCT) and ECD (P > 0.05). Epi-on CXL protocol was found to be significantly less prompt to have risks of delay in epithelial healing (P = 0.035) and persistent stromal haze (P = 0.026).ConclusionEpi-on CXL is as effective as epi-off CXL. Except for a higher significant improvement in CDVA with current epi-on protocols, our meta-analysis demonstrates that epi-on and epi-off CXL have comparable effects on visual, topographic, pachymetric, and endothelial parameters. Epi-on CXL has clinical advantages in terms of comfort and avoidance of complications as it reduces the risk of developing delay in epithelial healing and persistent stromal haze.
| S-EPMC8465763 | biostudies-literature