Bertiella studeri Infection in Children, Sri Lanka.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Amarasinghe A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7392411 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Dengue is the most important vector-borne viral disease worldwide and a major cause of childhood fever burden in Sri Lanka, which has experienced a number of large epidemics in the past decade. Despite this, data on the burden and transmission of dengue virus in the Indian Subcontinent are lacking. As part of a longitudinal fever surveillance study, we conducted a dengue seroprevalence survey among children aged <12 years in Colombo, Sri Lanka. We used a catalytic model to estimate the risk of primary infection among seronegative children. Over 50% of children had IgG antibodies to dengue virus and seroprevalence increased with age. The risk of primary infection was 14.1% per year (95% CI: 12.7%-15.6%), indicating that among initially seronegative children, approximately 1 in 7 experience their first infection within 12 months. There was weak evidence to suggest that the force of primary infection could be lower for children aged 6 years and above. We estimate that there are approximately 30 primary dengue infections among children <12 years in the community for every case notified to national surveillance, although this ratio is closer to 100:1 among infants. Dengue represents a considerable infection burden among children in urban Sri Lanka, with levels of transmission comparable to those in the more established epidemics of Southeast Asia.
| S-EPMC3674987 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Of 362 fecal specimens collected from infants and children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Sri Lanka from September 2005 to August 2006, 30 (8.3%) were positive for human parechovirus (HPeV). Six different HPeV genotypes, including HPeV1, -3, -4, -5, -10, and -11, were identified, of these, HPeV11 was reported for the first time.
| S-EPMC3020411 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The burden of poisoning among children is largely underexplored in rural Sri Lanka. This study describes the patterns of demographic characteristics, poison related factors, clinical management and outcome following acute poisoning among children (9 months- 12 years) in rural Sri Lanka.This hospital based multi-center study included Anuradhapura Teaching hospital, Polonnaruwa District General hospital, and 34 regional hospitals within Regional Director of Health Services in North Central province of Sri Lanka. The study assessed clinical profiles, poison related factors, clinical management, complications, harmful first aid practices, reasons for delayed management, complications and outcomes following acute poisoning over 7 years.Among 1621 children with acute poisoning, the majority were in preschool age group. Household chemicals were accountable for 489 acute poisonings (30.2%). The most common poison was kerosene oil, followed by paracetamol. Most events occurred within their own domestic premises. Potentially harmful first aid measures were practiced by approximately one third of care givers. Reasons for delayed presentation at emergency center included lack of concern by family members regarding the urgency of the situation and lack of knowledge regarding possible complications. Complications were observed in 12.5% and the most common complication was chemical pneumonitis.Children with acute poisoing in rural Sri Lanka were predominantly preschoolers. They are poisonined mostly within their own housing premises. Kerosene oil, in addition to being the most common poison, had additional risks of aspiration pneumonia following potentially hazadrous first aid measures practised by the care givers. Complications though rare were potentially preventable by community education and awareness on timely attention to seek medical care, and avoidance of harmful first aid practices.
| S-EPMC6098835 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundDespite a relatively good national case reporting system in Sri Lanka, detailed maps of malaria distribution have not been publicly available.MethodsIn this study, monthly records over the period 1995 - 2000 of microscopically confirmed malaria parasite positive blood film readings, at sub-district spatial resolution, were used to produce maps of malaria distribution across the island. Also, annual malaria trends at district resolution were displayed for the period 1995 - 2002.ResultsThe maps show that Plasmodium vivax malaria incidence has a marked variation in distribution over the island. The incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria follows a similar spatial pattern but is generally much lower than that of P. vivax. In the north, malaria shows one seasonal peak in the beginning of the year, whereas towards the south a second peak around June is more pronounced.ConclusionThis paper provides the first publicly available maps of both P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria incidence distribution on the island of Sri Lanka at sub-district resolution, which may be useful to health professionals, travellers and travel medicine professionals in their assessment of malaria risk in Sri Lanka. As incidence of malaria changes over time, regular updates of these maps are necessary.
| S-EPMC183859 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Influenza viruses (Inf-V) are an important cause of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children. This study was undertaken to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Inf-V infections in a sample of hospitalized children with ARI. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) from 500 children between 1 month to 5 years old with symptoms of ARI were collected at the Teaching Hospital Kegalle Sri Lanka From May 2016 to June 2018, NPAs were tested for influenza A (Inf-A) and B (Inf-B) viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), human parainfluenza virus (hPIV) 1-3 using an immunofluorescence assay. The Inf-V were then subtyped using a multiplex RT-PCR. Inf-V were detected in 10.75% (54/502) of the hospitalized children with ARI and in that 5.57% (28/502) were positive for Inf-A and 5.17% (26/502) were positive for Inf-B. Of the 54 Inf-V positive children, 33 were aged between 6 and 20 months. Of the 28 children infected with Inf-A, 15 had uncharacterized lower respiratory infection, 7 had bronchopneumonia and 6 had bronchiolitis. Of the 26 children infected with Inf-B, 11 had uncharacterized lower respiratory infection, 10 had bronchiolitis, and 4 had bronchopneumonia. Inf-B circulated throughout the year with a few peaks, one in June and then in August followed by November to December in 2016 and one in April 2017 and January 2018. Inf-A circulated throughout the year with a major peak in March to April 2017 and July 2018. ARI was more common in boys compared to girls. Majority of the children infected with Inf-V were diagnosed with uncharacterized lower respiratory infection and mild to moderate bronchiolitis. Inf-V infections were prevalent throughout the year in the study area of Sri Lanka with variations in the type of the circulating virus.
| S-EPMC9439189 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionAnalyzing dengue disease patterns from different parts of the world should help us formulate more evidence based treatment guidelines and appropriately allocate limited healthcare resources. Therefore, we described the disease characteristics of hospitalised pediatric patients with dengue infections from Sri Lanka during the 2017 dengue epidemic.MethodsClinical and biochemical characteristics of pediatric dengue patients treated at a secondary care hospital in Sri Lanka from 1 June 2017 to 31 August 2017 were analyzed. Our findings were compared with previous pediatric dengue studies in Asia.Results a total of 305patients (number of males = 184(60%); mean age = 8.6 years) were analyzed. DF (Dengue Fever)-245 (80.3%), DHF (Dengue Hemorrhagic fever)-I:52 (17%), DHF-II:7 (2.3%), and DHF-III:1 (0.3%). Significant associations were found between DHF and abdominal symptoms/signs and overt bleeding manifestations (P < .001). Time of onset of the critical phase was variable (Day 3: 12%, Day 4-5: 78%, Day 6: 5%, and Day 7: 5%). Platelet and white-cell counts (WBC) were significantly lower in DHF than DF; liver enzyme derangement was mild and was similar in the DHF and DF subgroups. None had cardiac, renal, or neurological manifestations and all recovered uneventfully.ConclusionIn Sri Lankan pediatric dengue patients, we found abdominal symptoms and signs, decreased WBC and platelet counts and bleeding manifestations were to be significantly associated with DHF. Liver enzyme derangement did not predict DHF. The time of onset of the critical phase was difficult to predict due to the considerable variations noted.
| S-EPMC7686613 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundNutritional status is an important indicator for measuring quality of life in children. A region that is recovering from war will face many problems related to nutrition. Very few studies have addressed the nutritional problems in school children. This study was undertaken to identify the prevalence of wasting, stunting and obesity among school children from Northern Sri Lanka and associated socio-demographic factors.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study was carried out using multistage stratified proportionate cluster among healthy children attending schools in the Northern part of the country. Height and weight were measured, and Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated [weight (kg)/Height (m) 2]. BMI-for-age z-score (BAZ) and Height for age Z (HAZ) scores were determined and WHO growth references were used to categorise the nutritional status. Correlation between various nutritional problems with Maternal education, household income, number of family members and the residential area was assessed.ResultsA total of 1012 children were recruited, and the mean age and standard deviation were 11.12±1.77 yrs. Girls in the age ranges of 9-14 were heavier and taller when compared to the boys compatible with the pubertal growth spurt. Stunting based on the height for age was seen in 10.9% of boys and 11.8% of girls. Wasting based on BMI for age WHO standard (WHO 2007) was seen in 30.6% of boys and 29.1% of the girls. The prevalence of overweight was 11% and Obesity was 6.3% of the population. Obesity was predominantly seen in boys (4.2%) and it was significantly higher when compared to the girls (2.1%) (p < 0.001). Obesity in older boys (> 10 years) was significantly more than the younger ones (p < 0.01). Maternal education and family income had a significant impact on the prevalence of wasting, stunting and obesity whereas the family size contributed to the wasting and obesity (p< 0.001).ConclusionFindings suggest that stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity are prevalent among 6-16-year-old leading to concerns in public health. The nutritional status significantly varies according to the geographical location, maternal education and the household income.
| S-EPMC7814636 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To study influenza viruses in pigs in Sri Lanka, we examined samples from pigs at slaughterhouses. Influenza (H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were prevalent during 2004-2005 and 2009-2012, respectively. Genetic and epidemiologic analyses of human and swine influenza viruses indicated 2 events of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus spillover from humans to pigs.
| S-EPMC3647653 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Of 362 fecal samples collected from children with acute gastroenteritis in Sri Lanka during 2005-2006, 30 (8.3%) were positive for human parechovirus (HPeV) by reverse transcription-PCR. A novel HPeV, designated as HPeV10, was identified in 2 samples by sequence analysis of the viral protein 1 gene of the detected HPeVs.
| S-EPMC2874375 | biostudies-literature