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Inflammatory and angiogenic biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy.

ABSTRACT: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults in developed countries. Numerous investigations have recognised inflammation and angiogenesis as important factors in the development of this complication of diabetes. Current methods of DR treatment are predominantly used at advanced stages of the disease and could be associated with serious side effects. Therefore, new diagnostic methods are needed in order to identify the initial stages of DR as well as monitoring the effects of applied therapy. Biochemical biomarkers are molecules found in blood or other biological fluid and tissue that indicate the existence of an abnormal condition or disease. They could be a valuable tool in detecting early stages of DR, identifying patients most susceptible to retinopathy progression and monitoring treatment outcomes. Biomarkers related to DR can be measured in the blood, retina, vitreous, aqueous humour and recently in tears. As the retina represents a small part of total body mass, a circulating biomarker for DR needs to be highly specific. Local biomarkers are more reliable as indicators of the retinal pathology; however, obtaining a sample of aqueous humour, vitreous or retina is an invasive procedure with potential serious complications. As a non-invasive novel method, tear analysis offers a promising direction in further research for DR biomarker detection. The aim of this paper is to review systemic and local inflammatory and angiogenic biomarkers relevant to this sight threatening diabetic complication.

SUBMITTER: Kastelan S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7394255 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Inflammatory and angiogenic biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy.

Kaštelan Snježana S Orešković Ivana I Bišćan Filip F Kaštelan Helena H Gverović Antunica Antonela A

Biochemia medica 20200805 3

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults in developed countries. Numerous investigations have recognised inflammation and angiogenesis as important factors in the development of this complication of diabetes. Current methods of DR treatment are predominantly used at advanced stages of the disease and could be associated with serious side effects. Therefore, new diagnostic metho ...[more]

PMID: 32774120

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Project description:Diabetic retinopathy (DR) accounts for ~80% of legal blindness in persons aged 20-74 years and is associated with enormous social and health burdens. Current therapies are invasive, non-curative, and in-effective in 15-25% of DR patients. This review outlines the potential utility of microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers and potential therapy for diabetic retinopathy. miRNAs are small noncoding forms of RNA that may play a role in the pathogenesis of DR by altering the level of expression of genes via single nucleotide polymorphism and regulatory loops. A majority of miRNAs are intracellular and specific intracellular microRNAs have been associated with cellular changes associated with DR. Some microRNAs are extracellular and called circulatory microRNAs. Circulatory miRNAs have been found to be differentially expressed in serum and bodily fluid in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without retinopathy. Some miRNAs have been associated with the severity of DR, and future studies may reveal whether circulatory miRNAs could serve as novel reliable biomarkers to detect or predict retinopathy progression. Therapeutic strategies can be developed utilizing the natural miRNA/long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) regulatory loops. miRNAs and lncRNAs are two major families of the non-protein-coding transcripts. They are regulatory molecules for fundamental cellular processes via a variety of mechanisms, and their expression and function are tightly regulated. The recent evidence indicates a cross-talk between miRNAs and lncRNAs. Therefore, dysregulation of miRNAs and lncRNAs is critical to human disease pathogenesis, such as diabetic retinopathy. miRNAs are long-distance communicators and reprogramming agents, and they embody an entirely novel paradigm in cellular and tissue signaling and interaction. By targeting specific miRNAs, whole pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of DR may potentially be altered. Understanding the endogenous roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy could lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to managing this frequently blinding retinal condition.

Dataset Information

Inflammatory and angiogenic biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy.

Publications

Inflammatory and angiogenic biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy.

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