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Clinical, molecular and cytopathological characterization of a Newcastle disease virus from an outbreak in Baghdad, Iraq.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The frequent outbreaks of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in Iraq pose a constant threat to commercial poultry, despite the introduction of routine vaccination programmes. Several factors, particularly stress factors and coinfections, might play a role in increasing NDV outbreaks in poultry species. OBJECTIVES:The current study was aimed to characterize an NDV isolate from an outbreak in North Baghdad, Iraq. METHODS:Clinical pathogenicity of the isolate was determined experimentally in chickens. In vitro studies included cytopathological examination, as well as molecular and phylogenetic analyses. RESULTS:Based on the clinical studies and pathogenicity indices (mean death time and intracerebral and intravenous pathogenicity indices), the isolate was characterized as velogenic (highly virulent). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction targeting the partial fusion protein gene of the NDV genome confirmed the detection. Partial sequencing of the hypervariable region of the fusion gene identified the presence of an avirulent (lentogenic) fusion protein motif (GRQGRL). Phylogenetic analysis of the new isolate along with previously known regional isolates revealed that the new isolate was related to genotype II strains. Additionally, sequence analysis indicated a distinct genetic lineage of the new isolate, which was related to some of the lineages identified in previous outbreaks in the Middle East. CONCLUSION:The current study offers essential information on the epidemiology, characteristics and diagnosis of NDV for disease control in Iraq. The isolate was found to belong to genotype II and possess an avirulent fusion protein motif.

SUBMITTER: Al-Shammari AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7397900 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Clinical, molecular and cytopathological characterization of a Newcastle disease virus from an outbreak in Baghdad, Iraq.

Al-Shammari Ahmed M AM Hamad Mohammed A MA Al-Mudhafar Murtadha A MA Raad Khansaa K Ahmed Aeser A

Veterinary medicine and science 20200331 3

<h4>Background</h4>The frequent outbreaks of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in Iraq pose a constant threat to commercial poultry, despite the introduction of routine vaccination programmes. Several factors, particularly stress factors and coinfections, might play a role in increasing NDV outbreaks in poultry species.<h4>Objectives</h4>The current study was aimed to characterize an NDV isolate from an outbreak in North Baghdad, Iraq.<h4>Methods</h4>Clinical pathogenicity of the isolate was determi ...[more]

PMID: 32233074

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Project description:Uganda experienced five Ebola disease outbreaks caused by Bundibugyo virus (n = 1) and Sudan virus (SUDV) (n = 4) from 2000 to 2021. On 20 September 2022, Uganda declared a fifth Sudan virus disease outbreak in the Mubende district, resulting in 142 confirmed and 22 probable cases by the end of the outbreak declaration on 11 January 2023. The earliest identified cases, through retrospective case investigations, had onset in early August 2022. From the 142 confirmed cases, we performed unbiased (Illumina) and SUDV-amplicon-specific (Minion) high-throughput sequencing to obtain 120 SUDV genome-and coding-complete sequences, representing 95.4% (104/109) of SVD-confirmed individuals within a sequence-able range (Ct ≤30) and 10 genome sequences outside of this range and 6 duplicate genome sequences. A comparison of the nucleotide genetic relatedness for the newly emerged Mubende variant indicated that it was most closely related to the Nakisamata SUDV sequence from 2011, represented a likely new zoonotic spillover event, and exhibited an inter- and intra-outbreak substitution rate consistent with previous outbreaks. The most recent common ancestor for the Mubende variant was estimated to have occurred in October and November 2021. The Mubende variant glycoprotein amino acid sequences exhibited 99.7% similarity altogether and a maximum of 96.1% glycoprotein similarity compared to historical SUDV strains from 1976. Integrating the genetic sequence and epidemiological data into the response activities generated a broad overview of the outbreak, allowing for quick fact-checking of epidemiological connections between the identified patients. IMPORTANCE Ebola disease (EBOD) is a public health threat with a high case fatality rate. Most EBOD outbreaks have occurred in remote locations, but the 2013-2016 Western Africa outbreak demonstrated how devastating EBOD can be when it reaches an urban population. Here, the 2022 Sudan virus disease (SVD) outbreak in Mubende District, Uganda, is summarized, and the genetic relatedness of the new variant is evaluated. The Mubende variant exhibited 96% amino acid similarity with historic SUDV sequences from the 1970s and a high degree of conservation throughout the outbreak, which was important for ongoing diagnostics and highly promising for future therapy development. Genetic differences between viruses identified during the Mubende SVD outbreak were linked with epidemiological data to better interpret viral spread and contact tracing chains. This methodology should be used to better integrate discrete epidemiological and sequence data for future viral outbreaks.

Dataset Information

Clinical, molecular and cytopathological characterization of a Newcastle disease virus from an outbreak in Baghdad, Iraq.

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Clinical, molecular and cytopathological characterization of a Newcastle disease virus from an outbreak in Baghdad, Iraq.

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