Dataset Information

Determinants of VIA Positivity Among Women Screened for Cervical Precancerous Lesion in Public Hospitals of Oromia Region, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study.

ABSTRACT: Purpose:Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer among women. An estimated 570,000 cases of cervical cancer representing 6.6% of all female cancers were reported in the year 2018. Approximately, 90% of deaths from cervical cancer occurred in low- and middle-income countries. Screening cervical cancer at an early stage and providing access to effective treatment can significantly improve the likelihood of survival. Hence, this study aimed to assess the determinants of visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid (VIA) positivity among women screened in public hospitals of Oromia region, Ethiopia. Methods:A hospital-based un-matched case-control study was conducted in Oromia region, Ethiopia. Cases were women who have a positive result for the VIA test, and controls were women with a negative result. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Multiple binary logistic regressions were conducted to assess the determinants of VIA positivity. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported to describe the strength of associations. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value <0.05. Results:A total of 74 cases and 148 controls were included in this study. The mean age of cases and controls was 40.5 ± 13.3 years and 37.1 ± 11.9 years, respectively. Women with parity of four or more children had two times higher odds being positive for VIA test compared to their counterparts (AOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3-4.0). Women with a history of post-coital bleeding had three times higher odds of VIA positivity compared to their counterparts (AOR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.2-8.0). History of sexually transmitted infection (AOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.5), having multiple sexual partners (AOR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.2-8.0), and history of smoking (AOR: 8.9, 95% CI: 1.6-48.0) were also found to be determinants of VIA positivity. Conclusion:This study found that women with parity greater than four children, post-coital bleeding, history of sexually transmitted infections, having multiple sexual partners, and history of smoking were significantly associated with VIA positivity. Women with the mentioned characteristics should be encouraged to have a close follow-up for the screening. Additionally, awareness creation activities on the identified risk factors are strongly recommended for all women.

SUBMITTER: Tekalegn Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7398741 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Determinants of VIA Positivity Among Women Screened for Cervical Precancerous Lesion in Public Hospitals of Oromia Region, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study.

Tekalegn Yohannes Y Aman Rameto R Woldeyohannes Demelash D Sahiledengle Biniyam B Degno Sisay S

International journal of women's health 20200730

<h4>Purpose</h4>Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer among women. An estimated 570,000 cases of cervical cancer representing 6.6% of all female cancers were reported in the year 2018. Approximately, 90% of deaths from cervical cancer occurred in low- and middle-income countries. Screening cervical cancer at an early stage and providing access to effective treatment can significantly improve the likelihood of survival. Hence, this study aimed to assess the determinants of ...[more]

PMID: 32801936

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Project description:Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer among women in the developing countries including Ethiopia. Precancerous lesions can be developed and risk to the development of cervical cancer over time. Early identification of the precancerous lesion and its risk factor is paramount in preventing cervical cancer. However, the determinants of cervical precancerous lesions are not well documented in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is conducted to determine factors associated with cervical precancerous lesion among women screened for cervical cancer.A hospital-based unmatched case-control study was conducted in selected health facilities in Addis Ababa from March to April 2016. Data were collected from 114 cases and 229 controls using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, entered to Epi Info version 7, and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Odds ratios with its 95% confidence intervals and two-tailed P-value were calculated. Variables with P-value ? 0.2 in the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression model.Women aged 40-49 years had 2.4-fold higher odds of precancerous lesions compared to those aged 30-39 (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.4, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.27-4.54). Women having history of sexually transmitted infections were significantly associated with cervical precancerous lesion compared to their counterparts (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 3.20, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.26-8.10). Similarly, those women who had two or more lifetime sexual partners (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.17 95% Confidence Interval: 1.01-4.67), and women whose husbands had two or more lifetime sexual partners (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 3.03, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.25, 7.33) had higher odds of cervical precancerous lesions.Older age, history of multiple sexual partners and sexual transmitted infections were associated with increased risk of precancerous lesion. Therefore, women with higher risk of precancerous lesions should be encouraged to be screened more frequently for cervical cancer.

Project description:ObjectivesNeonatal sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in the developing countries. Delays in the identification and treatment of neonatal sepsis are among the main contributors to the high mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of neonatal sepsis in public hospitals of Mekelle City, Tigray Region, North Ethiopia, 2015.MethodsA hospital based case control study was done in public hospitals of Mekelle City, Tigray region. Cases were neonates who had sepsis with their index mothers and controls were neonates who hadn't had sepsis with their index mothers. Hematologic findings were used to diagnose sepsis once the neonates were being clinically suspected. Cases and controls were selected using the systematic sampling technique. Data were entered using Epi info version 7 and then analyzed using SPSS window 20. The binary logistic regression model was used to test the association between dependent and independent variables and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the associated risk factors to neonatal sepsis.FindingsA total of 78 cases and 156 controls were included in this study. More than three quarters (76.8%) of cases had early onset sepsis. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the possible risk factors of neonatal sepsis in this study were; history of maternal urinary tract infection or sexually transmitted infection [AOR = 5. 23; 95% CI (1.82, 15.04)], prolonged rupture of membrane [AOR = 7. 43; 95% CI (2.04, 27.1)], Place of delivery; health center delivery [AOR = 5. 7; 95% CI (1.71, 19.03)], intrapartum fever [AOR = 6. 1 95% CI (1.29, 28.31)], APGAR score <7 at 5th minute [AOR = 68. 9; 95% CI (3.63, 1308)] and not crying immediately at birth [AOR = 124. 0; 95% CI (6.5, 2379)].ConclusionBoth maternal and neonatal factors had contributed to the risk of neonatal sepsis. Strengthening of the existing risk based prevention strategies as well as improvement of institutional delivery practices are crucial.

Project description:BackgroundWorldwide, preterm birth accounts for 1 million deaths of infants each year and 60% of these deaths occur in developing countries. In addition to the significant health consequences on the infant, preterm birth can lead to economic costs. There was a lack of study in western Ethiopia, and most of those studies conducted in other parts of a country were based on card review with a cross-sectional study design. The risk factors of preterm birth may vary from region to region within the same country due to variation in socioeconomic status and health care service coverage. Therefore, this study aimed to identify determinants of preterm birth in western Ethiopia.MethodsAn institutional-based case-control study was conducted from February 15 to April 15, 2020, in western Ethiopia. The eligible 188 cases and 377 controls were randomly selected for this study. Cases were women who gave birth after 28 weeks and before 37 completed weeks of gestation, and controls were women who gave birth at and after 37 weeks of gestation from the first day of the last normal menstrual period. Data were collected by a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered into Epi info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify determinants of preterm birth at P-value <0.05.ResultsFrom a total of 565 eligible participants, 516 (172 cases and 344 controls) participated in this study with a response rate of 91.3%. The result of the multivariable analysis shows that mothers who developed pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR = 3.13, 95% CI; 1.78, 5.50), only one time ANC visits (AOR = 5.99, 95% CI; 2.65, 13.53), experienced premature rupture of membrane (AOR = 3.57, 95% CI; 1.79, 7.13), birth interval less than two years (AOR = 2.96, 95% CI; 1.76, 4.98), developed anemia during the current pregnancy (AOR = 4.20, 95% CI; 2.13, 8.28) and didn't get dietary supplementation during the current pregnancy (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI; 1.51, 3.91) had statistically significant association with experiencing preterm birth.ConclusionAntenatal care service providers should focus on mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension, premature rupture of membrane, and anemia during pregnancy, and refer to the senior experts for early management to reduce the risk of preterm delivery. Antenatal care services such as counseling the mother on the benefit of dietary supplementation during pregnancy, antenatal care follow up, and lengthening birth interval should be integrated into the existing health extension packages. New and inclusive strategies such as the establishment of comprehensive mobile clinic services should also be designed to reduce the burden of preterm birth among women living in the rural community. Lastly, we recommend future researchers to conduct longitudinal and community-based studies supplemented with qualitative methods.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Puerperal sepsis is an infection of the genital tract, which occurs from rupture of amniotic sacs and within 42ndday after delivery. It happens mainly after discharge in the 1st 24?h of parturition. It is the third leading cause of direct maternal mortality in developing nations. It is also among preventable conditions. Even though multiple interventions were done to overcome these health problems, maternal mortality and morbidities were still significant. Mainly, in Ethiopia lack of clearly identified causes of maternal mortality and morbidity makes the problem unsolved. METHODS:Case-control study was conducted at public Hospitals in west shoa zone Oromia regional state, Ethiopia from February 01 to April 30/2018.women with puerperal sepsis (n?=?67) were selected by convenience method. Controls (n?=?213) were selected by systematic random sampling. Controls to cases ratio was 3:1 and structured questionnaire was used to interviewafter verbal consent was obtained. Data was entered in to epi -info 7.2 then exported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. A logistic regression model was used for data analysis. Those variables which have p-value <?0.05 were accepted that they are independent determinants of puerperal sepsis. RESULT:Rural residence (AOR [95%CI]?=?2.5(1.029-6.054),Mothers with no formal education (AOR [95%CI]?=?6.74([1.210-37.541]), up to primary level of education(AOR [95%CI]?=?6.72(1.323-34.086), total monthly income of the mother or family<=500 ETB and 501-1500 ETB(AOR [95%CI]?=?5.94(1.471-23.93) and (AOR [95%CI] =6.57 (1.338-32.265) respectively, Mothers having 1-2 times antenatal care(ANC)visit (AOR [95%CI]?=?6.57([1.338-32.265]), Duration of Labor12-24?h (AOR [95%CI]?=?3.12 (1.805-12.115),>?=?25?h (AOR [95%CI]?=?4.71([1.257-17.687]),vaginal examinations >?=?5times (AOR [95%CI]?=?4.00([1.330-12.029]), Delivery by C/S (AOR [95%CI]?=?3.85 ([1.425-10.413]), Rupture of membrane >?24?h (AOR [95%CI]?=?3.73([1.365-10.208]) and those Referred from other health institutions (AOR [95%CI]?=?2.53([1.087-5.884],were independent determinants of puerperal sepsis in this study. CONCLUSION:Majority of determinants of puerperal sepsis were related with pregnancy and childbirth. Therefore, to tackle a problem of puerperal sepsis all concerning bodies should take measures during prenatal, natal and postnatal period.

Project description:BackgroundFocused antenatal care is the most significant and inclusive care given to pregnant women to promote and maintain the optimal health of the mother and the fetus. Providing respectful care during focused antenatal care is believed to be the most important cost-effective interventions to increase maternity service utilization. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess respectful focused antenatal care and associated factors among pregnant women who visit Shashemene town public hospitals, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2019.MethodsInstitution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July-August, 2019. A total of 423 pregnant mothers were selected using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using structured and pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data entry and analysis were made using Epi Info version™ 7 and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24.0 respectively. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify associated factors. Statistical significance was declared at a p value of < 0.05 with a 95% confidence level.ResultsA total of 420 women have participated in the study, making a response rate of 99.5%. About 63% of participants received respectful care during focused antenatal care. Having no formal education [AOR = 8.3(95%CI 9.85-17.47)], low average monthly income [AOR = 3.16 (95%CI 1.52-6.57)], having unplanned pregnancy [AOR = 9.90 (95%CI 3.48-8.16)] and being multigravida [AOR = 8.82 (95%CI 2.90-6.80)] were significantly associated with respectful focused antenatal care.ConclusionsThe study findings indicate that respondents' respectful focused antenatal care is mainly affected by educational level, average family monthly income, having an unplanned pregnancy, and gravidity. Providing acceptable, quality, and honorable care for all women regardless of educational status, family income, and status of pregnancy is very crucial to entice more mothers to the health facility.

Project description:BackgroundPelvic organ prolapse is a common disorder, with up to 40% of women worldwide having some form of anatomical prolapse, and it is a significant public health problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. The prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse in Ethiopia is 13% in Benchi Maji. This study is designed to provide information about the determinants of pelvic organ prolapse among gynecologic patients attending public referral hospitals in the Amhara region, 2020.MethodInstitution-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted from March to June 2020 among randomly selected 348 mothers (116 cases and 232 controls). A convenient sampling technique was used to select cases, and controls were selected by systematic random sampling technique. A pre-tested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were coded and entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science IBM version 25 for analysis. Finally, adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were used to declare statistical significance.ResultThe result showed that being unable to read and write (illiterate) (adjusted odds ratio = 3.91; 95% confidence interval = 1.06-14.39), age of women >= 40 (adjusted odds ratio = 2.91; 95% confidence interval = 1.255-6.736), giving first birth before age of 20 (adjusted odds ratio = 5.72; 95% confidence interval = 1.73-18.94), carrying heavy objects (adjusted odds ratio = 2.296; 95% confidence interval = 1.102-4.785), parity ⩾ 4 (adjusted odds ratio = 7.02; 95% confidence interval = 1.16-42.45), and family history of pelvic organ prolapse (adjusted odds ratio = 3.09; 95% confidence interval = 1.24-7.71) were significantly associated with pelvic organ prolapse.ConclusionThis study concluded that being unable to read and write, age ⩾ 40, multiparity, family history of pelvic organ prolapse, early childbirth, and carrying heavy objects were the risk factors of pelvic organ prolapse. Providing health education on planning the number of children, and the impact of carrying heavy loads on pelvic organs, preventing early childbirth, and encouraging women to pursue their education at least up to primary school level is recommended.

Dataset Information

Determinants of VIA Positivity Among Women Screened for Cervical Precancerous Lesion in Public Hospitals of Oromia Region, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study.

Publications

Determinants of VIA Positivity Among Women Screened for Cervical Precancerous Lesion in Public Hospitals of Oromia Region, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study.

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