Dataset Information

Phenolic Acids Released in Maize Rhizosphere During Maize-Soybean Intercropping Inhibit Phytophthora Blight of Soybean.

ABSTRACT: Interspecies interactions play a key role in soil-borne disease suppression in intercropping systems. However, there are limited data on the underlying mechanisms of soil-borne Phytophthora disease suppression. Here, a field experiment confirmed the effects of maize and soybean intercropping on Phytophthora blight of soybean caused by Phytophthora sojae. Experimentally, the roots and root exudates of maize were found to attract P. sojae zoospores and inhibit their motility and the germination of cystospores. Furthermore, five phenolic acids (p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and ferulic acid) that were consistently identified in the root exudates and rhizosphere soil of maize were found to interfere with the infection behavior of P. sojae. Among them, cinnamic acid was associated with significant chemotaxis in zoospores, and p-coumaric acid and cinnamic acid showed strong antimicrobial activity against P. sojae. However, in the rhizosphere soil of soybean, only p-hydroxybenzoic acid, low concentrations of vanillic acid, and ferulic acid were identified. Importantly, the coexistence of five phenolic acids in the maize rhizosphere compared with three phenolic acids in the soybean rhizosphere showed strong synergistic antimicrobial activity against the infection behavior of P. sojae. In summary, the types and concentrations of phenolic acids in maize and soybean rhizosphere soils were found to be crucial factors for Phytophthora disease suppression in this intercropping system.

SUBMITTER: Zhang H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7399372 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Phenolic Acids Released in Maize Rhizosphere During Maize-Soybean Intercropping Inhibit Phytophthora Blight of Soybean.

Zhang He H Yang Yuxin Y Mei Xinyue X Li Ying Y Wu Jiaqing J Li Yiwen Y Wang Huiling H Huang Huichuan H Yang Min M He Xiahong X Zhu Shusheng S Liu Yixiang Y

Frontiers in plant science 20200728

Interspecies interactions play a key role in soil-borne disease suppression in intercropping systems. However, there are limited data on the underlying mechanisms of soil-borne Phytophthora disease suppression. Here, a field experiment confirmed the effects of maize and soybean intercropping on Phytophthora blight of soybean caused by Phytophthora sojae. Experimentally, the roots and root exudates of maize were found to attract P. sojae zoospores and inhibit their mot ...[more]

PMID: 32849668

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Project description:Rhizosphere microbes play a vital role in plant health and defense against soil-borne diseases. Previous studies showed that maize-soybean relay strip intercropping altered the diversity and composition of pathogenic Fusarium species and biocontrol fungal communities in the soybean rhizosphere, and significantly suppressed soybean root rot. However, whether the rhizosphere bacterial community participates in the regulation of this intercropping on soybean root rot is not clear. In this study, the rhizosphere soil of soybean healthy plants was collected in the continuous cropping of maize-soybean relay strip intercropping and soybean monoculture in the fields, and the integrated methods of microbial profiling, dual culture assays in vitro, and pot experiments were employed to systematically investigate the diversity, composition, and function of rhizosphere bacteria related to soybean root rot in two cropping patterns. We found that intercropping reshaped the rhizosphere bacterial community and increased microbial community diversity, and meanwhile, it also recruited much richer and more diverse species of Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Streptomyces sp., and Microbacterium sp. in soybean rhizosphere when compared with monoculture. From the intercropping, nine species of rhizosphere bacteria displayed good antagonism against the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum B3S1 of soybean root rot, and among them, IRHB3 (Pseudomonas chlororaphis), IRHB6 (Streptomyces), and IRHB9 (Bacillus) were the dominant bacteria and extraordinarily rich. In contrast, MRHB108 (Streptomyces virginiae) and MRHB205 (Bacillus subtilis) were the only antagonistic bacteria from monoculture, which were relatively poor in abundance. Interestingly, introducing IRHB3 into the cultured substrates not only significantly promoted the growth and development of soybean roots but also improved the survival rate of seedlings that suffered from F. oxysporum infection. Thus, this study proves that maize-soybean relay strip intercropping could help the host resist soil-borne Fusarium root rot by reshaping the rhizosphere bacterial community and driving more beneficial microorganisms to accumulate in the soybean rhizosphere.

Project description:After years of continuous cultivation of faba beans (Vicia faba L.), autotoxic substances accumulate in the soil, leading to a high incidence of Fusarium oxysporum (FOF) wilt. Faba bean–wheat intercropping is often used to alleviate these problems. The goal of this research was to explore the role of benzoic acid and cinnamic acid in promoting the occurrence of faba bean Fusarium wilt and the potential mechanism of faba bean–wheat intercropping to control the occurrence of this disease. We established a field experiment and a hydroponic experiment that involved the inoculation of FOF and the exploration of exogenous addition of cinnamic acid and benzoic acid at different concentrations, the effects on the degree of peroxidation, resistance system, and ultrastructure of faba bean roots. In addition, the antioxidative response of faba bean–wheat intercropping against the autotoxicity of benzoic acid and cinnamic acid was examined. In the field experiment, compared with monoculture, faba bean–wheat intercropping effectively controlled the occurrence of Fusarium wilt, significantly reduced the contents of H2O2 and O2− in faba bean roots, increased the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), maintained cell stability, and significantly reduced the contents of benzoic acid and cinnamic acid in faba bean rhizosphere. In the pot experiment, it was found that compared with the control, different concentrations of benzoic acid and cinnamic acid (50, 100, and 200 mg·L−1) significantly increased the content of H2O2 and O2− in faba bean, decreased the activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT, and damaged cell membrane structure. Furthermore, it promoted the occurrence of Fusarium wilt of faba bean. The faba bean–wheat intercropping alleviated the stress. Benzoic acid and cinnamic acid can increase the content of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions in faba bean plants, reduce the enzymatic activity and expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, damage the cell membrane structure, and promote the occurrence of faba bean Fusarium wilt. The faba bean–wheat intercropping can effectively alleviate the autotoxicity of benzoic acid and cinnamic acid and reduce the occurrence of faba bean Fusarium wilt.

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Project description:Shading-induced soybean stem lodging is a prevalent concern in the maize (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) strip intercropping system, leading to a substantial decline in yield. Nevertheless, the associations between soybean growth, stem lodging, and yield formation in this scenario remain unclear. To investigate this, the logistic and beta growth models were utilized to analyze the growth process of soybean organs (stems, leaves, branches, and pods) and the accumulation of carbohydrates (lignin, cellulose, and sucrose) at three planting densities (8.5, 10, and 12.5 plants m-2) in both strip intercropping and skip strip monoculture systems. The results indicate that shading stress caused by maize in the intercropping system reduced lignin and cellulose accumulation in soybean stems, thus decelerating soybean organ growth compared to monoculture. Furthermore, intercropped soybean at higher planting density (PD3) exhibited a 28% reduction in the maximum dry matter growth rate (cm) and a 11% decrease in the time taken to reach the maximum dry matter growth rate (te) compared to the lower planting density (PD1). Additionally, a 29% decrease in the maximum accumulation rate (cmax) of sucrose, lignin, and cellulose was observed, along with a 13% decrease in the continuous accumulation time (tc) of these carbohydrates in intercropped soybean at PD3. Interspecific and intraspecific shading stress led to a preferential allocation of assimilates into soybean stems, enhancing plant height during the initial stage, while at later stages, a greater proportion of sucrose was allocated to leaves. Consequently, this hindered the conversion of sucrose into lignin and cellulose within the stems, ultimately resulting in a reduction in the lodging resistance index (LRI). Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the effects of shading stress on soybean growth and yield. It also emphasizes how optimizing planting density in intercropping systems can effectively alleviate shading stress and enhance crop productivity.

Dataset Information

Phenolic Acids Released in Maize Rhizosphere During Maize-Soybean Intercropping Inhibit Phytophthora Blight of Soybean.

Publications

Phenolic Acids Released in Maize Rhizosphere During Maize-Soybean Intercropping Inhibit <i>Phytophthora</i> Blight of Soybean.

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