Dataset Information

Cardiovascular Adaptations to Four Months Training in Middle-Aged Amateur Long-Distance Skiers.

ABSTRACT: Cross-country skiing has a positive effect on health. However, without an individual, thoughtful, and professional plan, it can cause irreversible health problems from overload and injury. The impact of exercise on results is well understood within the group of professional athletes. However, this remains unknown within the group of amateur cross-country skiers and marathon runners-in particular, the impact of the summer preparation period in which training loads performed in the oxygen zone combined with resistance training dominate. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the cardiovascular capacity and body mass composition of male cross-country skiers in the preparation period of their macrocycle. Variables were analyzed using basic descriptive statistics: mean and standard deviation (SD). To compare the results from both measurements (initial and final) the paired Wilcoxon test was used. A statistically significant increase was noted in maximum oxygen uptake and maximum minute ventilation, and a decrease in body fat content, maximum lactate concentration and lactate threshold, and heart rate on anaerobic threshold. Research indicated that in the amateur group increases similar to those in top competitors were achieved in the parameters tested, but the initial level was often significantly lower.

SUBMITTER: Grzebisz N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7399923 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cardiovascular Adaptations to Four Months Training in Middle-Aged Amateur Long-Distance Skiers.

Grzebisz Natalia N

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 20200630 7

Cross-country skiing has a positive effect on health. However, without an individual, thoughtful, and professional plan, it can cause irreversible health problems from overload and injury. The impact of exercise on results is well understood within the group of professional athletes. However, this remains unknown within the group of amateur cross-country skiers and marathon runners-in particular, the impact of the summer preparation period in which training loads performed in the oxygen zone com ...[more]

PMID: 32629784

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Project description:Physical exercise performed regularly is known to improve health and to reduce the risk of age-related diseases. Furthermore, there is some evidence of cognitive improvement in physically active middle-aged and older adults. We hypothesized that long-term physically active middle-aged men may have developed brain resilience that can be detected with the analysis of peripheral blood markers. We aimed to analyze the activation of pathways potentially modulated by physical activity in a cohort of healthy amateur rugby players (n = 24) and control subjects with low physical activity (n = 25) aged 45-65 years. We had previously reported neuropsychological improvement in immediate memory responses in the player group compared to the controls. Here, we tested the expression of selected genes of longevity, inflammation, redox homeostasis, and trophic signaling in whole blood mRNA. Analyses were also performed on blood samples of young (aged 15-25 years) control subjects with low physical activity (n = 21). Physical activity and other lifestyle factors were thoroughly recorded with standardized questionnaires. Interestingly, middle-aged control subjects showed lower levels of expression of SIRT1, SIRT3, CAT, and SOD1 than the young controls, although rugby players maintained the expression levels of these genes at a young-like level. Middle-aged players showed lower levels of IL1B than the non-physically active groups. However, there was a tendency towards a decrease in trophic and transduction factors in middle-aged groups as compared to the young controls. A statistical study of Spearman's correlations supported a positive effect of sporting activity on memory and executive functions, and on peripheral gene expression of SIRT1, SIRT3 and downstream genes, in the middle-aged rugby players. Our results indicate that the SIRT1-SIRT3 axis, and associated neuroprotective signaling, may contribute to the anti-aging resilience of the brain mediated by physical exercise.

Project description:Background Inpatient hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) decreased nationally in the past decade. However, data are lacking on whether national declines represent trends within and across race and ethnicity populations from different US regions. Methods and Results Using State Inpatient Databases, Census Bureau and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for Florida, Kentucky, New Jersey, and North Carolina, we identified all CVD hospitalizations and population characteristics for adults aged 18 to 64 years between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018. We calculated yearly CVD hospitalization rates for each state for the overall population, by sex, race, and ethnicity. We modeled yearly trends in age-adjusted CVD hospitalization rate in each state using negative binomial regression. State base populations were similar by age (mean age: 40-42 years) and sex (50%-51% female) throughout the study period. There were 314 973 and 288 843 total CVD hospitalizations among the 4 states in 2009 and 2018, respectively. Crude hospitalization rates declined in all states (age 18-44 years NJ: -33.4%; KY: -17.0%; FL: -11.9%; NC: -11.2%; age 45-64 years NJ: -29.8%; KY: -20.3%; FL: -12.2%; NC: -11.6%) over the study period. In age-adjusted models, overall hospitalization rates declined significantly in NJ -2.5%/y (95% CI, -2.9 to -2.1) and in KY -1.6%/y (-1.9 to -1.2) with no significant declining trend in FL and NC. Similar findings were present by sex. Among non-Hispanic White populations, mean yearly decline in hospitalization rate was significant in all states except FL, with the greatest declines in NJ (-3.8%/y [-4.4 to -3.2], P values for state-year interaction <0.0001). By contrast, a significant declining trend was present for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic populations only in NJ (P values for state-year interaction <0.001). We found similar differences in trend between states in sensitivity analyses incorporating additional demographic and comorbid characteristics. Conclusions Decreases in CVD hospitalization rates in the past decade among nonelderly adults varied considerably by state and appeared largely driven by declines among non-Hispanic White populations. Overall declines did not represent divergent trends between states within non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic populations. Recognition of differences not just between but also within race and ethnicity populations should inform national and local policy initiatives aimed at reducing disparities in CVD outcomes.

Dataset Information

Cardiovascular Adaptations to Four Months Training in Middle-Aged Amateur Long-Distance Skiers.

Publications

Cardiovascular Adaptations to Four Months Training in Middle-Aged Amateur Long-Distance Skiers.

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