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NHANES 2011-2014 Reveals Cognition of US Older Adults may Benefit from Better Adaptation to the Mediterranean Diet.

ABSTRACT: Although the Mediterranean diet (MedD) has gained interest for potential Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention, it is unknown how well US older adults follow a MedD. We used two National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2011-2014) to conduct our primary aim of reporting population estimates of MedD adherence among older adults (60+ years) in the US (n = 3068). The mean MedD adherence score for US older adults was 5.3 ± 2.1 (maximum possible = 18), indicating that older adults in the US do not adhere to a MedD. There were various differences in MedD scores across demographic characteristics. We also assessed the cross-sectional relationship between MedD adherence and cognitive performance using survey-weighted ordinary least squares regression and binary logistic regression models adjusted for 11 covariates. Compared to the lowest MedD adherence tertile, the highest tertile had a lower odds ratio of low cognitive performance on three of five cognitive measures (p < 0.05 for each). Sensitivity analyses within participants without subjective memory complaints over the past year revealed similar results on the same three cognitive measures. We conclude that MedD interventions are a departure from usual dietary intake of older adults in the US and are a reasonable approach for AD prevention trials.

SUBMITTER: Taylor MK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7399952 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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NHANES 2011-2014 Reveals Cognition of US Older Adults may Benefit from Better Adaptation to the Mediterranean Diet.

Taylor Matthew K MK Mahnken Jonathan D JD Sullivan Debra K DK

Nutrients 20200629 7

Although the Mediterranean diet (MedD) has gained interest for potential Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention, it is unknown how well US older adults follow a MedD. We used two National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2011-2014) to conduct our primary aim of reporting population estimates of MedD adherence among older adults (60+ years) in the US (<i>n</i> = 3068). The mean MedD adherence score for US older adults was 5.3 ± 2.1 (maximum possible = 18), indicating that old ...[more]

PMID: 32610616

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Project description:Handgrip strength has been shown an indispensable biomarker for older adults. Furthermore, the association between sleep duration and grip strength in special populations (e.g., type 2 diabetics) has been previously documented. However, the association between sleep duration and grip strength has been less studied in older adults and the dose-response relationship is unclear. Therefore, we drew 1881 participants aged 60 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 to explore their association and the dose-response relationship. Sleep duration was obtained through self-report. Grip strength data were obtained through a grip test using a handgrip dynamometer and divided into two categories: low grip strength and normal grip strength. Thus, dichotomized grip strength was used as a dependent variable. Poisson regression and restricted cubic spline were used for the main part of the analysis. We found that long sleep duration (≥9 h) was associated with a higher prevalence of low grip strength than the normal sleep duration (7-<9 h) group (IRR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.12-1.69). Moreover, the gender-stratified analysis did not change the original results. This association was particularly pronounced and further strengthened among participants with normal weight (BMI < 25) (IRR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.64-3.22) and participants aged 60-70 (IRR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.40-2.22). In addition, with the increase in sleep duration, the multivariate-adjusted IRRs of low grip strength had a general downward trend at first, followed by a brief period of stability, and then presented an upward trend (p-value for non-linearity = 0.001). According to this study, we found that older adults who had long sleep duration had a higher risk of low grip strength. Muscle insulin utilization and muscle glucose metabolism are closely related to grip strength, so our research emphasizes the importance of maintaining normal sleep duration in older adults and suggests that older adults who sleep for a long period should pay more attention to their muscle health.

Project description:BackgroundEpidemiological evidence on Urine metals and cognitive impairment in older individuals is sparse and limited. The goal of this study was to analyze if there was a link between urinary metal levels and cognitive performance in U.S. people aged 60 and up.MethodsThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2011 to 2014 were utilized in this cross-sectional analysis. Memory function was quantified using the following methods: Established Consortium for Word Learning in Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-WL) (immediate learning and recall and delayed recall), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to estimate urine metal concentrations. The connection of Urine metals level with cognitive function was investigated employing binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models.ResultsA total of 840 participants aged 60 years and over were enrolled in this study. After controlling for confounders, the association between cadmium, barium, cobalt, cesium, manganese, and thallium and poor cognitive performance showed significance in multiple logistic regression compared to the lowest quartile of metals. In the DSST test, the weighted multivariate adjusted ORs (95% CI) for cadmium in the highest quartile, barium and cesium in the third quartile were 2.444 (1.310-4.560), 0.412 (0.180-0.942) and 0.440 (0.198-0.979), respectively. There were L-shaped associations between urine cesium, barium, or manganese and low cognitive performance in DSST. Urine lead, molybdenum and uranium did not show any significant relationships with cognitive impairment, respectively, compared to the respective lowest quartile concentrations.ConclusionThe levels of barium (Ba), cobalt (Co), cesium (Cs), manganese (Mn), and thallium (Tl) in urine were found to be negatively related to the prevalence of impaired cognitive performance in our cross-sectional investigation. Higher cadmium (Cd) levels were associated with cognitive impairment.

Project description:Consuming a Mediterranean-style diet (MED) is helpful for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, few studies have compared mortality in ASCVD subjects with different degrees of adherence to the MED diet or have evaluated the contributions of individual diet components. We analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants with a history of coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke (N = 2052) in a period from 1999 to 2010. Their individual vital status was linked to the National Death Index till the end of 2011. The level of adherence to the MED diet was quantified using a 9-point evaluation score (aMED score). Cox regression models were used to compare the different levels of adherence to the MED diet, and contributions of individual components of the MED diet on cardiovascular, cancer, and all-cause mortality. Among the 2052 subjects with CHD or stroke, 29.0% (596 of 2052) died after a median follow-up of 5.6 years. In Cox regression analysis, higher absolute aMED score (HR 0.798, p = 0.0079) or above median aMED score (score 4-9) (HR 0.646, p = 0.0013) was negatively associated with all-cause mortality. Among various components of the MED diet, intake of more whole grains or nuts was significantly associated with a lower all-cause mortality. In contrast, a higher aMED score was not associated with less cardiovascular mortality. In a secondary analysis that excluded deaths within 2 years of the NHANES study entry, the above median aMED score (score 4-9) was negatively associated with both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. In conclusion, subjects with a history of CHD or stroke adhering better to the MED diet in the NHANES study had a lower all-cause mortality during follow-ups. Consuming more whole grains or nuts had a lower all-cause mortality. The protective effect of adherence to the MED diet on decreasing cardiovascular mortality was seen only after excluding those who died within first two years of the NHANES study entry.

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NHANES 2011-2014 Reveals Cognition of US Older Adults may Benefit from Better Adaptation to the Mediterranean Diet.

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NHANES 2011-2014 Reveals Cognition of US Older Adults may Benefit from Better Adaptation to the Mediterranean Diet.

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