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Energy Consumption of Cryptocurrencies Beyond Bitcoin.

ABSTRACT: Ulrich Gallersdörfer is a research associate in the Department of Informatics at the Technical University of Munich. His research focuses on identity management in blockchains. His interest extends to further aspects of the technology, ranging from environmental implications to data analytics applications. Lena Klaaßen is a graduate student at TUM School of Management at the Technical University of Munich. She is specialized in energy markets and accounting. Her research focuses on carbon accounting in the corporate and cryptocurrency space. She has previously analyzed blockchain-related firms for a venture capital fund. Christian Stoll conducts research at the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and at the Center for Energy Markets of the Technical University of Munich. His research focuses on the implications of climate change from an economic point of view.

SUBMITTER: Gallersdorfer U

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7402366 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Energy Consumption of Cryptocurrencies Beyond Bitcoin.

Gallersdörfer Ulrich U Klaaßen Lena L Stoll Christian C

Joule 20200804 9

Ulrich Gallersdörfer is a research associate in the Department of Informatics at the Technical University of Munich. His research focuses on identity management in blockchains. His interest extends to further aspects of the technology, ranging from environmental implications to data analytics applications. Lena Klaaßen is a graduate student at TUM School of Management at the Technical University of Munich. She is specialized in energy markets and accounting. Her research focuses on carbon accoun ...[more]

PMID: 32838201

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Project description:A novel method has been developed for rapid and quantitative determination of the rate of energy consumption in platelets. In platelets suspended in a cyanide-containing medium. ATP resynthesis is abruptly blocked by addition of 2-deoxyglucose and D-glucono-1,5-lactone. We demonstrate that the subsequent changes in the levels of cytoplasmic ATP and ADP reflect the velocity of energy consumption in the platelets immediately before addition of the inhibitors. Despite the arrest in ATP resynthesis the platelets remain responsive to stimulation by thrombin (5 units x ml-1) which triggers the secretion of the contents of dense, alpha- and acid hydrolase granules. Unstimulated platelets were found to consume about 3.5 and 0.5 mumol of ATP equivalents x min-1 x (10(11) cells)-1 at 37 degrees C and 15 degrees C, respectively; the thrombin-treated platelets consumed respectively 16 and 2 mumol of ATP equivalents x min-1 x (10(11) cells)-1 at these temperatures. When the velocity of energy consumption was varied by (a) changing the temperature and (b) preincubation with glyco(geno)lytic inhibitors, it was found to be linearly related to the initial rate of secretion from the three types of granules. The precise nature of this relationship differed between the three types of secretion responses and indicated an increasing requirement for metabolic energy for secretion from the three types of granules in the order: dense granule less than alpha-granule less than acid hydrolase granule. The results obtained with changes in temperature were superimposable on those obtained with the glyco(geno)lytic inhibitors for dense granule secretion and alpha-granule secretion, suggesting an apparent coupling between energy consumption and the rate of these secretion responses. The rate of secretion of acid hydrolase was always higher when energy consumption was varied by temperature changes than when glyco(geno)lytic inhibitors were used, probably as a result of metabolic changes prior to induction of secretion. On the basis of these experiments, we calculated an incremental energy consumption during complete secretion of dense, alpha- and acid hydrolase granule contents of 2.5, 4.2 and 6.7 mumol of ATP equivalents x (10(11) platelets)-1, respectively.

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Energy Consumption of Cryptocurrencies Beyond Bitcoin.

Publications

Energy Consumption of Cryptocurrencies Beyond Bitcoin.

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