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Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene TiO2 and ATO Nanocomposites.

ABSTRACT: In order to enhance the mechanical performance of three-dimensional (3D) printed structures fabricated via commercially available fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printers, novel nanocomposite filaments were produced herein following a melt mixing process, and further 3D printed and characterized. Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Antimony (Sb) doped Tin Oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles (NPs), hereafter denoted as ATO, were selected as fillers for a polymeric acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic matrix at various weight % (wt%) concentrations. Tensile and flexural test specimens were 3D printed, according to international standards. It was proven that TiO2 filler enhanced the overall tensile strength by 7%, the flexure strength by 12%, and the micro-hardness by 6%, while for the ATO filler, the corresponding values were 9%, 13%, and 6% respectively, compared to unfilled ABS. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the size of TiO2 (40 ± 10 nm) and ATO (52 ± 11 nm) NPs. Raman spectroscopy was performed for the TiO2 and ATO NPs as well as for the 3D printed nanocomposites to verify the polymer structure and the incorporated TiO2 and ATO nanocrystallites in the polymer matrix. The scope of this work was to fabricate novel nanocomposite filaments using commercially available materials with enhanced overall mechanical properties that industry can benefit from.

SUBMITTER: Vidakis N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7407130 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene TiO2 and ATO Nanocomposites.

Vidakis Nectarios N Petousis Markos M Maniadi Athena A Koudoumas Emmanuel E Liebscher Marco M Tzounis Lazaros L

Polymers 20200717 7

In order to enhance the mechanical performance of three-dimensional (3D) printed structures fabricated via commercially available fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printers, novel nanocomposite filaments were produced herein following a melt mixing process, and further 3D printed and characterized. Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Antimony (Sb) doped Tin Oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles (NPs), hereafter denoted as ATO, were selected as fillers for a polymeric acrylonitrile butadiene ...[more]

PMID: 32708989

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Project description:Fused filament fabrication is a 3D printing technique that has gained widespread use from homes to schools to workplaces. Thermoplastic filaments, such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA), are extruded at temperatures near their respective glass transition temperature or melting point, respectively. Little has been reported on the inorganic elemental composition and concentrations present in these materials or the methods available for extracting that information. Because inorganic constituents may be included in the aerosolized particulates emitted during the printing process, identifying elements that could be present and at what specific concentrations is critical. The objective of the current research is to determine the range of metals present in thermoplastic filaments along with their relative abundance and chemical speciation as a function of polymer type, manufacturer, and color. A variety of filaments from select manufacturers were digested using a range of techniques to determine the optimal conditions for metal extraction from ABS and PLA polymers. The extraction potential for each method was quantified using by ICP-MS analysis. When possible, further characterization of the chemical composition of the filaments was investigated using X-ray Absorption spectroscopy to determine chemical speciation of the metal. Optimal digestion conditions were established using a high temperature, high pressure microwave-assisted acid digestion method to produce the most complete and repeatable extraction results. The composition and abundance of metals in the filaments varied greatly as a function of polymer, manufacturer, and color. Potential elements of concern present in the filaments at elevated concentration included that could pose a respiratory risk included Si, Al, Ti, Cu, Zn, and Sn. XAS analysis revealed a mixture of metal oxides, mineral, and organometallic compounds were present in the filaments that were being used to increase opaqueness impart color (dyes), polymeric catalysts, and flame retardants. This work shows that a variety of metals are present in the starting materials used for 3D printing and depending on their partitioning into 3D printed products and byproducts as well as the exposure route, may pose a health risk which merits further investigation.

Dataset Information

Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene TiO2 and ATO Nanocomposites.

Publications

Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene TiO<sub>2</sub> and ATO Nanocomposites.

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