Dataset Information

Multiparametric MRI for Prostate Cancer Characterization: Combined Use of Radiomics Model with PI-RADS and Clinical Parameters.

ABSTRACT: Radiomics is an emerging field of image analysis with potential applications in patient risk stratification. This study developed and evaluated machine learning models using quantitative radiomic features extracted from multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) to detect and classify prostate cancer (PCa). In total, 191 patients that underwent prostatic mpMRI and combined targeted and systematic fusion biopsy were retrospectively included. Segmentations of the whole prostate glands and index lesions were performed manually in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps and T2-weighted MRI. Radiomic features were extracted from regions corresponding to the whole prostate gland and index lesion. The best performing combination of feature setup and classifier was selected to compare its predictive ability of the radiologist's evaluation (PI-RADS), mean ADC, prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) and digital rectal examination (DRE) using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Models were evaluated using repeated 5-fold cross-validation and a separate independent test cohort. In the test cohort, an ensemble model combining a radiomics model, with models for PI-RADS, PSAD and DRE achieved high predictive AUCs for the differentiation of (i) malignant from benign prostatic lesions (AUC = 0.889) and of (ii) clinically significant (csPCa) from clinically insignificant PCa (cisPCa) (AUC = 0.844). Our combined model was numerically superior to PI-RADS for cancer detection (AUC = 0.779; p = 0.054) as well as for clinical significance prediction (AUC = 0.688; p = 0.209) and showed a significantly better performance compared to mADC for csPCa prediction (AUC = 0.571; p = 0.022). In our study, radiomics accurately characterizes prostatic index lesions and shows performance comparable to radiologists for PCa characterization. Quantitative image data represent a potential biomarker, which, when combined with PI-RADS, PSAD and DRE, predicts csPCa more accurately than mADC. Prognostic machine learning models could assist in csPCa detection and patient selection for MRI-guided biopsy.

SUBMITTER: Woznicki P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7407326 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Multiparametric MRI for Prostate Cancer Characterization: Combined Use of Radiomics Model with PI-RADS and Clinical Parameters.

Woźnicki Piotr P Westhoff Niklas N Huber Thomas T Riffel Philipp P Froelich Matthias F MF Gresser Eva E von Hardenberg Jost J Mühlberg Alexander A Michel Maurice Stephan MS Schoenberg Stefan O SO Nörenberg Dominik D

Cancers 20200702 7

Radiomics is an emerging field of image analysis with potential applications in patient risk stratification. This study developed and evaluated machine learning models using quantitative radiomic features extracted from multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) to detect and classify prostate cancer (PCa). In total, 191 patients that underwent prostatic mpMRI and combined targeted and systematic fusion biopsy were retrospectively included. Segmentations of the whole prostate glands and ...[more]

PMID: 32630787

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Project description:Despite the key-role of the Prostate Imaging and Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) in the diagnosis and characterization of prostate cancer (PCa), this system remains to be affected by several limitations, primarily associated with the interpretation of equivocal PI-RADS 3 lesions and with the debated role of Dynamic Contrast Enhanced-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI), which is only used to upgrade peripheral PI-RADS category 3 lesions to PI-RADS category 4 if enhancement is focal. We aimed at investigating the usefulness of radiomics for detection of PCa lesions (Gleason Score ≥ 6) in PI-RADS 3 lesions and in peripheral PI-RADS 3 upgraded to PI-RADS 4 lesions (upPI-RADS 4). Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) data of patients who underwent prostatic mpMRI between April 2013 and September 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Biopsy results were used as gold standard. PI-RADS 3 and PI-RADS 4 lesions were re-scored according to the PI-RADS v2.1 before and after DCE-MRI evaluation. Radiomic features were extracted from T2-weighted MRI (T2), Apparent diffusion Coefficient (ADC) map and DCE-MRI subtracted images using PyRadiomics. Feature selection was performed using Wilcoxon-ranksum test and Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR). Predictive models were constructed for PCa detection in PI-RADS 3 and upPI-RADS 4 lesions using at each step an imbalance-adjusted bootstrap resampling (IABR) on 1000 samples. 41 PI-RADS 3 and 32 upPI-RADS 4 lesions were analyzed. Among 293 radiomic features, the top selected features derived from T2 and ADC. For PI-RADS 3 stratification, second order model showed higher performances (Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve-AUC- = 80%), while for upPI-RADS 4 stratification, first order model showed higher performances respect to superior order models (AUC = 89%). Our results support the significant role of T2 and ADC radiomic features for PCa detection in lesions scored as PI-RADS 3 and upPI-RADS 4. Radiomics models showed high diagnostic efficacy in classify PI-RADS 3 and upPI-RADS 4 lesions, outperforming PI-RADS v2.1 performance.

Project description:Rationale and objectiveThe Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADSv2) published a set of minimum technical standards (MTS) to improve image quality and reduce variability in multiparametric prostate MRI. The effect of PIRADSv2 MTS on image quality has not been validated. We aimed to determine whether adherence to PI-RADSv2 MTS improves study adequacy and perceived quality.Materials and methodsSixty-two prostate MRI examinations including T2 weighted (T2W) and diffusion weighted image (DWI) consecutively referred to our center from 62 different institutions within a 12-month period (September 2017 to September 2018) were included. Six readers assessed images as adequate or inadequate for use in PCa detection and a numerical image quality ranking was given using a 1-5 scale. The PI-RADSv2 MTS were synthesized into sets of seven and 10 rules for T2W and DWI, respectively. Image adherence was assessed using Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) metadata. Statistical analysis of survey results and image adherence was performed based on reader quality scoring (Kendall Rank tau-b) and reader adequate scoring (Wilcoxon test for association) for T2 and DWI quality assessment.ResultsOut of 62 images, 52 (83%) T2W and 38 (61%) DWIs were rated to be adequate by a majority of readers. Reader adequacy scores showed no significant association with adherence to PI-RADSv2. There was a weak (tau-b = 0.22) but significant (p value = 0.01) correlation between adherence to PIRADSv2 MTS and image quality for T2W. Studies following all PI-RADSv2 T2W rules achieved a higher median average quality score (3.58 for 7/7 vs. 3.0 for <7/7, p = 0.012). No statistical relationship with PI-RADSv2 MTS adherence and DWI quality was found.ConclusionAmong 62 sites performing prostate MRI, few were considered of high quality, but the majority were considered adequate. DWI showed considerably lower rates of adequate studies in the sample. Adherence to PI-RADSv2 MTS did not increase the likelihood of having a qualitatively adequate T2W or DWI.

Project description:ObjectiveTo assess PI-RADSv2.1 and PI-RADSv2 descriptors across readers with varying experience.MethodsTwenty-one radiologists (7 experienced (≥ 5 years) seniors, 7 less experienced seniors and 7 juniors) assessed 240 'predefined' lesions from 159 pre-biopsy multiparametric prostate MRIs. They specified their location (peripheral, transition or central zone) and size, and scored them using PI-RADSv2.1 and PI-RADSv2 descriptors. They also described and scored 'additional' lesions if needed. Per-lesion analysis assessed the 'predefined' lesions, using targeted biopsy as reference; per-lobe analysis included 'predefined' and 'additional' lesions, using combined systematic and targeted biopsy as reference. Areas under the curve (AUCs) quantified the performance in diagnosing clinically significant cancer (csPCa; ISUP ≥ 2 cancer). Kappa coefficients (κ) or concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) assessed inter-reader agreement.ResultsAt per-lesion analysis, inter-reader agreement on location and size was moderate-to-good (κ = 0.60-0.73) and excellent (CCC ≥ 0.80), respectively. Agreement on PI-RADSv2.1 scoring was moderate (κ = 0.43-0.47) for seniors and fair (κ = 0.39) for juniors. Using PI-RADSv2.1, juniors obtained a significantly lower AUC (0.74; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.70-0.79) than experienced seniors (0.80; 95%CI 0.76-0.84; p = 0.008) but not than less experienced seniors (0.74; 95%CI 0.70-0.78; p = 0.75). As compared to PI-RADSv2, PI-RADSv2.1 downgraded 17 lesions/reader (interquartile range [IQR]: 6-29), of which 2 (IQR: 1-3) were csPCa; it upgraded 4 lesions/reader (IQR: 2-7), of which 1 (IQR: 0-2) was csPCa. Per-lobe analysis, which included 60 (IQR: 25-73) 'additional' lesions/reader, yielded similar results.ConclusionsExperience significantly impacted lesion characterization using PI-RADSv2.1 descriptors. As compared to PI-RADSv2, PI-RADSv2.1 tended to downgrade non-csPCa lesions, but this effect was small and variable across readers.

Dataset Information

Multiparametric MRI for Prostate Cancer Characterization: Combined Use of Radiomics Model with PI-RADS and Clinical Parameters.

Publications

Multiparametric MRI for Prostate Cancer Characterization: Combined Use of Radiomics Model with PI-RADS and Clinical Parameters.

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