Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

31 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Application of Plasma Activation in Flame-Retardant Treatment for Cotton Fabric.

ABSTRACT: Cotton fabric treated by Pyrovatex CP New (PCN) and Knittex FFRC (K-FFRC) using the Pad-dry-cure method showed an excellent fire-retardant effect. However, it needed to be cured at high temperatures for a long time leading to a high loss of mechanical strength. In this study, atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge (APDBD) plasma was applied to the cotton fabric, which then was treated by flame retardants (FRs) using the pad-dry-cure method. The purpose was to have a flame-retardant cotton fabric (limiting oxygen index (LOI) ≥ 25) and a mechanical loss of the treated fabric due to the curing step as low as possible. To achieve this goal, 10 experiments were performed. The vertical flammability characteristics, LOI value and tensile strength of the treated fabrics were measured. A response model between the LOI values of the treated fabric and two studied variables (temperature and time of the curing step) was found. It was predicted that the optimal temperature and time-to-cure to achieve LOI of 25 was at 160 °C for 90 s, while the flame-retardant treatment process without plasma pretreatment, was at 180 °C and 114 s. Although the curing temperature and the time have decreased significantly, the loss of mechanical strength of the treated fabric is still high. The tensile strength and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the fabric after plasma activation show that the plasma treatment itself also damages the mechanical strength of the fabric. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the fabric after plasma activation and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the flame retardant-treated (FRT) fabric clarified the role of plasma activation in this study.

SUBMITTER: Nguyen Thi H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7408165 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

Flame-Retardant Behavior and Nanocrystal Synthesis through Formation of Multilayers of Poly(acrylic acid) and Zinc Phosphate on Cotton Fabric.

Project description:Cotton fabric with improved flame retardancy was prepared by introducing a zinc phosphate compound into cotton fabric using a layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition method with poly(acrylic acid) as a polymer electrolyte layer. In a vertical burning (VB) test, it was found that the flame retardancy improved as the number of depositions increased. As a result of thermogravimetric and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy analyses, the residual amount increased to 20 wt % for the 20 deposited sample, and the weight ratio of Zn and P elements reached more than 40 wt %. As a result of SEM analysis, the cotton fibers not treated with LBL were destroyed after the VB test, but the shape of the fabric was maintained in the LBL-treated cotton fabrics. It was observed by TEM that numerous single crystals of about 10 nm formed on the surface of the sample subjected to the VB test. Through FT-IR and XPS analyses, it was confirmed that the zinc phosphate compound layer was formed by LBL deposition by the reaction between the phosphate anion and zinc cation. XRD analysis confirmed that the orthorhombic hopeite crystals produced by LBL deposition were transformed into zinc phosphate Zn3(PO4)2 crystals by flame during the VB test. These results show that flame retardancy was improved by a mechanism in which a noncombustible zinc phosphate barrier was formed during firing. These results are significant in suggesting a new method for preparing zinc phosphate single crystals of about 10 nm in size and providing anticorrosion coating for cotton fabric by an environmentally friendly LBL method.

| S-EPMC10851361 | biostudies-literature

ZnO Microstructures as Flame-Retardant Coatings on Cotton Fabrics.

Project description:In this study, we report a unique strategy that utilizes ZnO and ZnS microparticles and rods as fire-retardant materials when coated onto cotton fabrics. ZnO and ZnO/ZnS microparticles or rods were grown or adsorbed to the surface of cotton fibers. Properties such as heat release rate, total smoke release, and mass loss rate of the materials were tested using a cone calorimeter. ZnO and ZnO/ZnS rods were able to reduce the heat release rate and total smoke release from 118 kW/m2 and 18.3 m2/m2 to about 70.0 kW/m2 and 6.00 m2/m2, respectively. The maximum average rate of heat emission and fire growth rate index, which is used to evaluate the fire spread rate, the size of the fire, and the propensity of fire development, were improved with these coatings and indicate that there are potential applications of these materials as fire retardants.

| S-EPMC6644380 | biostudies-literature

Flame Retardant-Functionalized Cotton Cellulose Using Phosphonate-Based Ionic Liquids.

Project description:Cellulose from cotton fibers was functionalized through a dissolution-regeneration process with phosphonate-based ionic liquids (ILs): 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methylphosphonate [DIMIM][(MeO)(H)PO2] and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methylphoshonate [EMIM][(MeO)(H)PO2]. The chemical modification of cellulose occurred through a transesterification reaction between the methyl phosphonate function of ILs and the primary alcohol functions of cellulose. The resulting cellulose structure and the amount of grafted phosphorus were then investigated by X-ray diffraction, ICP-AES, and ¹³C and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. Depending on the IL type and initial cotton / IL ratio in the solution, regenerated cellulose contained up to 4.5% of phosphorus. The rheological behavior of cotton cellulose/ILs solutions and the microscale fire performances of modified cellulose were studied in order to ultimately prepare flame retardant cellulosic materials. Significant improvement in the flame retardancy of regenerated cellulose was obtained with a reduction of THR values down to about 5-6 kJ/g and an increase of char up to about 35 wt%.

| S-EPMC7181116 | biostudies-literature

Synergistic Effects and Mechanism of Modified Silica Sol Flame Retardant Systems on Silk Fabric.

Project description:The nano-silica sol was prepared by sol-gel method, and the boric acid, urea, cyanoguanidine, melamine cyanurate (MCA), 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), and 6H-dibenz (C,E) (1,2) oxaphosphorin-6-oxide (DOPO) were added to the silica sol to modify the flame retardant through physical doping and chemical bonding. According to the formula proposed by Lewin, the calculation of flammability parameters were obtained by the limiting oxygen index meter, the micro calorimeter, the vertical burner, and the thermogravimetric analyzer proved that there was a synergistic or additive effect between the B/N/P flame retardant and the silica sol. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to characterize the morphology, structure, and pyrolysis products of treated silk fabric and residues after combustion. The results show that the flame retardancy of silica-boron sol is mainly caused by endothermic reaction and melt covering reaction. Silicon-nitrogen sol acts as a flame retardant through endothermic reaction, release of gases, and melting coverage. Silicon-phosphorus sol achieves flame retardancy by forming an acid to promote formation of a carbon layer and melting coverage. Silica sol and other flame retardants show excellent flame retardanty after compounding, and have certain complementarity, which can balance the dosage, performance, and cost of flame retardants, and is more suitable for industrial development.

| S-EPMC6212991 | biostudies-literature

A Flame-Retardant Phytic-Acid-Based LbL-Coating for Cotton Using Polyvinylamine.

Project description:Phytic acid (PA), as a natural source of phosphorus, was immobilized on cotton (CO) in a layer-by-layer (LbL) approach with polyvinylamine (PVAm) as the oppositely charged electrolyte to create a partly bio-based flame-retardant finish. PVAm was employed as a synthetic nitrogen source with the highest density of amine groups of all polymers. Vertical flame tests revealed a flame-retardant behavior with no afterflame and afterglow time for a coating of 15 bilayers (BL) containing 2% phosphorus and 1.4% nitrogen. The coating achieved a molar P:N ratio of 3:5. Microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) analyses affirmed the flame test findings by a decrease in peak heat release rate (pkHRR) by more than 60% relative to unfinished CO. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and MCC measurements exhibited a shifted CO peak to lower temperatures indicating proceeding reactions to form an isolating char on the surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) coupled online with a TGA system, allowed the identification of a decreased amount of acrolein, methanol, carbon monoxide and formaldehyde during sample pyrolysis and a higher amount of released water. Thereby the toxicity of released volatiles was reduced. Our results prove that PA enables a different reaction by catalyzing cellulosic dehydration, which results in the formation of a protective char on the surface of the burned fabric.

| S-EPMC7284457 | biostudies-literature

High-Efficient Flame-Retardant Finishing of Cotton Fabrics Based on Phytic Acid.

Project description:In this study, an efficient phosphorus-containing flame retardant, PAPBTCA, was synthesized from phytic acid, pentaerythritol, and 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid, and its structure was characterized. PAPBTCA was finished on cotton fabrics by the pad-dry-curing process, and the flame retardancy, flame-retardant durability, and wrinkle resistance of the obtained flame-retardant fabrics were investigated. It should be noted that the heat release rate value of the flame-retardant cotton fabrics treated with 200 g/L PAPBTCA decreased by 90% and its excellent flame retardancy was maintained after 5 washing cycles. Meanwhile, the wrinkle resistance of flame-retardant cotton fabrics has been significantly improved. In addition, compared with the control, the breaking force loss of PAPBTCA-200 in the warp and weft directions was 24% and 21%, respectively. This study provides a new way to utilize natural phosphorus-based flame retardants to establish multifunctional finishing for cotton fabrics.

| S-EPMC9865254 | biostudies-literature

Development of a Flame Retardant and an Organohalogen Flame Retardant Chemical Inventory

Project description:There have been many attempts to compile comprehensive lists of flame retardants. However, this goal has proven challenging due to the heterogeneity of compounds that can be used as flame retardants coupled with changes in formulation chemistry over time. Flame retardants have been the focus of many recent existing hazard, exposure, and risk assessments. These assessments have been class-based or for individual chemical substances. Here, diverse sets of publicly available data sources from governmental organizations and the open literature were compiled to develop an inventory of chemicals used as flame retardants and organohalogen flame retardants. The chemical substances from these data sources were mapped to appropriate chemical identifiers via manual curation and deduplicated. Despite different data sources containing a large number of overlapping chemical substances, compiling information from multiple data sources was found to increase the breadth of potential flame retardant chemistries. The flame retardant and organohalogen flame retardant inventories were developed as a resource for scientists interested in better understanding properties of flame retardant and organohalogen flame retardant classes. Measurement(s)chemical use informationTechnology Type(s)manual and automated literature collection

| S-EPMC9192637 | biostudies-literature

Synergistic Flame Retardant Effect of an Intumescent Flame Retardant Containing Boron and Magnesium Hydroxide.

Project description:In this study, to develop an organic/inorganic synergistic flame retardant and to reduce the dosage and cost of flame retardants, organic/inorganic synergistic flame retardants, hexakis(4-boronic acid-phenoxy)-cyclophosphazene (CP-6B), and magnesium hydroxide (MH) were chosen. The flame retardant properties of CP-6B/MH in epoxy resin (EP) were discussed. EP/CP-6B/MH had better flame retardancy and heat resistance compared with EP/CP-6B and EP/MH. A limiting oxygen index of EP/3.0%CP-6B/0.5%MH of 31.9% was achieved, and vertical burning V-0 rating was achieved. Compared with EP, the cone calorimeter dates of EP/CP-6B/MH decreased. CP-6B/MH inhibited combustion and did little to damage mechanical properties. Besides, the flame retardant mechanism was studied by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. CP-6B/MH exerted good synergistic effects.

| S-EPMC6648587 | biostudies-literature

Suppression of Smoldering of Calcium Alginate Flame-Retardant Paper by Flame-Retardant Polyamide-66.

Project description:Calcium alginate (Ca-Alg) fibers are renewable fibers obtained from the ocean with essential flame retardancy, which have recently been applied as components of flame-retardant paper. However, the application of Ca-Alg fibers is limited because of their tendency to smolder. Therefore, composites papers were fabricated by blending using flame-retardant polyamide-66 (FR-PA), with a 5 wt% content of phosphorous flame retardant, which will form molten carbon during combustion. When the FR-PA content is 30% of the composite paper, FR-PA forms a compact carbon layer on the surface of the Ca-Alg fibers during combustion, which isolates the mass/heat transfer and effectively suppresses the smoldering of Ca-Alg. This consists of a condensed flame retardant mechanism. Furthermore, the combustion and thermal degradation behavior of paper were analyzed by cone calorimetry (CONE), TG and TG-IR. Ca-Alg in the composite paper decomposed and released CO2 before ignition, which delayed the ignition time. Simultaneously, the FR-PA contained in the composite paper effectively inhibited the combustion of volatile combustibles in the gas phase. Overall, FR-PA and Ca-Alg improve the thermal stability of the composite paper in different temperature regions under air atmosphere. Ca-Alg reduces the formation of aromatic products and NH3 in the composite paper under N2 atmosphere. Ca-Alg-based paper with excellent flame retardancy was successfully prepared.

| S-EPMC7866267 | biostudies-literature

A Novel Self-Assembled Graphene-Based Flame Retardant: Synthesis and Flame Retardant Performance in PLA.

Project description:In this study, a novel flame retardant (PMrG) was developed by self-assembling melamine and phytic acid (PA) onto rGO, and then applying it to the improvement of the flame resistance of PLA. PMrG simultaneously decreases the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and the total heat release (THR) of the composite during combustion, and enhances the LOI value and the time to ignition (TTI), thus significantly improving the flame retardancy of the composite. The flame retardant mechanism of the PMrG is also investigated. On one hand, the dehydration of PA and the decomposition of melamine in PMrG generate non-flammable volatiles, such as H2O and NH3, which dilute the oxygen concentration around the combustion front of the composite. On the other hand, the rGO, melamine, and PA components in PMrG create a synergistic effect in promoting the formation of a compact char layer during the combustion, which plays a barrier role and effectively suppresses the release of heat and smoke. In addition, the PMrGs in PLA exert a positive effect on the crystallization of the PLA matrix, thus playing the role of nucleation agent.

| S-EPMC8659536 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data