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High-Sensitivity, Quantified, Linear and Mediator-Free Resonator-Based Microwave Biosensor for Glucose Detection.

ABSTRACT: This article presents a high-sensitivity, quantified, linear, and mediator-free resonator-based microwave biosensor for glucose sensing application. The proposed biosensor comprises an air-bridge-type asymmetrical differential inductor (L) and a center-loaded circular finger-based inter-digital capacitor (C) fabricated on Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) substrate using advanced micro-fabrication technology. The intertwined asymmetrical differential inductor is used to achieve a high inductance value with a suitable Q-factor, and the centralized inter-digital capacitor is introduced to generate an intensified electric field. The designed microwave sensor is optimized to operate at a low resonating frequency that increases the electric field penetration depth and interaction area in the glucose sample. The microwave biosensor is tested with different glucose concentrations (0.3-5 mg/ml), under different ambient temperatures (10-50 °C). The involvement of advanced micro-fabrication technology effectively miniaturized the microwave biosensor (0.006?0 × 0.005?0) and enhanced its filling factor. The proposed microwave biosensor demonstrates a high sensitivity of 117.5 MHz/mgmL-1 with a linear response (r2 = 0.9987), good amplitude variation of 0.49 dB/mgmL-1 with a linear response (r2 = 0.9954), and maximum reproducibility of 0.78% at 2 mg/mL. Additionally, mathematical modelling was performed to estimate the dielectric value of the frequency-dependent glucose sample. The measured and analyzed results indicate that the proposed biosensor is suitable for real-time blood glucose detection measurements.

SUBMITTER: Kumar A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7412357 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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High-Sensitivity, Quantified, Linear and Mediator-Free Resonator-Based Microwave Biosensor for Glucose Detection.

Kumar Alok A Wang Cong C Meng Fan-Yi FY Zhou Zhong-Liang ZL Zhao Meng M Yan Guo-Feng GF Kim Eun-Seong ES Kim Nam-Young NY

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 20200720 14

This article presents a high-sensitivity, quantified, linear, and mediator-free resonator-based microwave biosensor for glucose sensing application. The proposed biosensor comprises an air-bridge-type asymmetrical differential inductor (<i>L</i>) and a center-loaded circular finger-based inter-digital capacitor (<i>C</i>) fabricated on Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) substrate using advanced micro-fabrication technology. The intertwined asymmetrical differential inductor is used to achieve a high induct ...[more]

PMID: 32698465

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Project description:Infection diagnosis and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) are time-consuming and often laborious clinical practices. This paper presents a microwave-microfluidic biosensor for rapid, contactless and non-invasive device for testing the concentration and growth of Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) in medium solutions of different pH to increase the efficacy of clinical microbiology practices. The thin layer interface between the microfluidic channel and the microwave resonator significantly enhanced the detection sensitivity. The microfluidic chip, fabricated using standard soft lithography, was injected with bacterial samples and incorporated with a microwave microstrip ring resonator sensor with an operation frequency of 2.5?GHz and initial quality factor of 83 for detecting the concentration and growth of bacteria. The resonator had a coupling gap area on of 1.5?×?1.5?mm2 as of its sensitive region. The presence of different concentrations of bacteria in different pH solutions were detected via screening the changes in resonant amplitude and frequency responses of the microwave system. The sensor device demonstrated near immediate response to changes in the concentration of bacteria and maximum sensitivity of 3.4?MHz compared to a logarithm value of bacteria concentration. The minimum prepared optical transparency of bacteria was tested at an OD600 value of 0.003. The sensor's resonant frequency and amplitude parameters were utilized to monitor bacteria growth during a 500-minute time frame, which demonstrated a stable response with respect to detecting the bacterial proliferation. A highly linear response was demonstrated for detecting bacteria concentration at various pH values. The growth of bacteria analyzed over the resonator showed an exponential growth curve with respect to time and concurred with the lag-log-stationary-death model of cell growth. This biosensor is one step forward to automate the complex AST workflow of clinical microbiology laboratories for rapid and automated detection of bacteria as well as screening the bacteria proliferation in response to antibiotics.

Dataset Information

High-Sensitivity, Quantified, Linear and Mediator-Free Resonator-Based Microwave Biosensor for Glucose Detection.

Publications

High-Sensitivity, Quantified, Linear and Mediator-Free Resonator-Based Microwave Biosensor for Glucose Detection.

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