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Coronavirus testing indicates transmission risk increases along wildlife supply chains for human consumption in Viet Nam, 2013-2014.

ABSTRACT: Outbreaks of emerging coronaviruses in the past two decades and the current pandemic of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged in China highlight the importance of this viral family as a zoonotic public health threat. To gain a better understanding of coronavirus presence and diversity in wildlife at wildlife-human interfaces in three southern provinces in Viet Nam 2013-2014, we used consensus Polymerase Chain Reactions to detect coronavirus sequences. In comparison to previous studies, we observed high proportions of positive samples among field rats (34.0%, 239/702) destined for human consumption and insectivorous bats in guano farms (74.8%, 234/313) adjacent to human dwellings. Most notably among field rats, the odds of coronavirus RNA detection significantly increased along the supply chain from field rats sold by traders (reference group; 20.7% positivity, 39/188) by a factor of 2.2 for field rats sold in large markets (32.0%, 116/363) and 10.0 for field rats sold and served in restaurants (55.6%, 84/151). Coronaviruses were also detected in rodents on the majority of wildlife farms sampled (60.7%, 17/28). These coronaviruses were found in the Malayan porcupines (6.0%, 20/331) and bamboo rats (6.3%, 6/96) that are raised on wildlife farms for human consumption as food. We identified six known coronaviruses in bats and rodents, clustered in three Coronaviridae genera, including the Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammacoronaviruses. Our analysis also suggested either mixing of animal excreta in the environment or interspecies transmission of coronaviruses, as both bat and avian coronaviruses were detected in rodent feces on wildlife farms. The mixing of multiple coronaviruses, and their apparent amplification along the wildlife supply chain into restaurants, suggests maximal risk for end consumers and likely underpins the mechanisms of zoonotic spillover to people.

SUBMITTER: Huong NQ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7416947 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Coronavirus testing indicates transmission risk increases along wildlife supply chains for human consumption in Viet Nam, 2013-2014.

Huong Nguyen Quynh NQ Nga Nguyen Thi Thanh NTT Long Nguyen Van NV Luu Bach Duc BD Latinne Alice A Pruvot Mathieu M Phuong Nguyen Thanh NT Quang Le Tin Vinh LTV Hung Vo Van VV Lan Nguyen Thi NT Hoa Nguyen Thi NT Minh Phan Quang PQ Diep Nguyen Thi NT Tung Nguyen N Ky Van Dang VD Roberton Scott I SI Thuy Hoang Bich HB Long Nguyen Van NV Gilbert Martin M Wicker Leanne L Mazet Jonna A K JAK Johnson Christine Kreuder CK Goldstein Tracey T Tremeau-Bravard Alex A Ontiveros Victoria V Joly Damien O DO Walzer Chris C Fine Amanda E AE Olson Sarah H SH

PloS one 20200810 8

Outbreaks of emerging coronaviruses in the past two decades and the current pandemic of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged in China highlight the importance of this viral family as a zoonotic public health threat. To gain a better understanding of coronavirus presence and diversity in wildlife at wildlife-human interfaces in three southern provinces in Viet Nam 2013-2014, we used consensus Polymerase Chain Reactions to detect coronavirus sequences. In comparison to previous studies, w ...[more]

PMID: 32776964

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Coronavirus testing indicates transmission risk increases along wildlife supply chains for human consumption in Viet Nam, 2013-2014.

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Coronavirus testing indicates transmission risk increases along wildlife supply chains for human consumption in Viet Nam, 2013-2014.

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