Dataset Information

Yellow fever transmission in non-human primates, Bahia, Northeastern Brazil.

ABSTRACT: Yellow fever virus (YFV) causes a clinical syndrome of acute hemorrhagic hepatitis. YFV transmission involves non-human primates (NHP), mosquitoes and humans. By late 2016, Brazil experienced the largest YFV outbreak of the last 100 years, with 2050 human confirmed cases, with 681 cases ending in death and 764 confirmed epizootic cases in NHP. Among affected areas, Bahia state in Northeastern was the only region with no autochthonous human cases. By using next generation sequence approach, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of YFV in NHP in Bahia and discuss what factors might have prevented human cases. We investigated 47 YFV positive tissue samples from NHP cases to generate 8 novel YFV genomes. ML phylogenetic tree reconstructions and automated subtyping tools placed the newly generated genomes within the South American genotype I (SA I). Our analysis revealed that the YFV genomes from Bahia formed two distinct well-supported phylogenetic clusters that emerged most likely of an introduction from Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo states. Vegetation coverage analysis performed shows predominantly low to medium vegetation coverage in Bahia state. Together, our findings support the hypothesis of two independent YFV SA-I introductions. We also highlighted the effectiveness of the actions taken by epidemiological surveillance team of the state to prevented human cases.

SUBMITTER: Goes de Jesus J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7418952 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Yellow fever transmission in non-human primates, Bahia, Northeastern Brazil.

Goes de Jesus Jaqueline J Gräf Tiago T Giovanetti Marta M Mares-Guia Maria Angélica MA Xavier Joilson J Lima Maia Maricelia M Fonseca Vagner V Fabri Allison A Dos Santos Roberto Fonseca RF Mota Pereira Felicidade F Ferraz Oliveira Santos Leandro L Reboredo de Oliveira da Silva Luciana L Pereira Gusmão Maia Zuinara Z Gomes Cerqueira Jananci Xavier JX Thèze Julien J Abade Leandro L Cordeiro Mirza de Carvalho Santana MCS Torquato Sintia Sacramento Cerqueira SSC Santana Eloisa Bahia EB de Jesus Silva Neuza Santos NS Dourado Rosemary Sarmento Oitiçica RSO Alves Ademilson Brás AB do Socorro Guedes Adeilde A da Silva Filho Pedro Macedo PM Rodrigues Faria Nuno N de Albuquerque Carlos F Campelo CFC de Abreu André Luiz AL Martins Romano Alessandro Pecego AP Croda Julio J do Carmo Said Rodrigo Fabiano RF Cunha Gabriel Muricy GM da Fonseca Cerqueira Jeane Magnavita JM Mello Arabela Leal E Silva de ALES de Filippis Ana Maria Bispo AMB Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior LCJ

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 20200811 8

Yellow fever virus (YFV) causes a clinical syndrome of acute hemorrhagic hepatitis. YFV transmission involves non-human primates (NHP), mosquitoes and humans. By late 2016, Brazil experienced the largest YFV outbreak of the last 100 years, with 2050 human confirmed cases, with 681 cases ending in death and 764 confirmed epizootic cases in NHP. Among affected areas, Bahia state in Northeastern was the only region with no autochthonous human cases. By using next generation sequence approach, we in ...[more]

PMID: 32780745

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Project description:BackgroundYellow fever virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that persists in an enzoonotic cycle in non-human primates (NHPs) in Brazil, causing disease in humans through spillover events. Yellow fever (YF) re-emerged in the early 2000s, spreading from the Amazon River basin towards the previously considered low-risk, southeastern region of the country. Previous methods mapping YF spillover risk do not incorporate the temporal dynamics and ecological context of the disease, and are therefore unable to predict seasonality in spatial risk across Brazil. We present the results of a bagged logistic regression predicting the propensity for YF spillover per municipality (administrative sub-district) in Brazil from environmental and demographic covariates aggregated by month. Ecological context was incorporated by creating National and Regional models of spillover dynamics, where the Regional model consisted of two separate models determined by the regions' NHP reservoir species richness (high vs low).ResultsOf the 5560 municipalities, 82 reported YF cases from 2001 to 2013. Model accuracy was high for the National and low reservoir richness (LRR) models (AUC = 0.80), while the high reservoir richness (HRR) model accuracy was lower (AUC = 0.63). The National model predicted consistently high spillover risk in the Amazon, while the Regional model predicted strong seasonality in spillover risk. Within the Regional model, seasonality of spillover risk in the HRR region was asynchronous to the LRR region. However, the observed seasonality of spillover risk in the LRR Regional model mirrored the national model predictions.ConclusionsThe predicted risk of YF spillover varies with space and time. Seasonal trends differ between regions indicating, at times, spillover risk can be higher in the urban coastal regions than the Amazon River basin which is counterintuitive based on current YF risk maps. Understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of YF spillover risk could better inform allocation of public health services.

Dataset Information

Yellow fever transmission in non-human primates, Bahia, Northeastern Brazil.

Publications

Yellow fever transmission in non-human primates, Bahia, Northeastern Brazil.

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