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Peptide-2 from mouse myostatin precursor protein alleviates muscle wasting in cancer-associated cachexia.

ABSTRACT: Cancer cachexia, characterized by continuous muscle wasting, is a key determinant of cancer-related death; however, there are few medical treatments to combat it. Myostatin (MSTN)/growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8), which is a member of the transforming growth factor-? family, is secreted in an inactivated form noncovalently bound to the prodomain, negatively regulating the skeletal muscle mass. Therefore, inhibition of MSTN signaling is expected to serve as a therapeutic target for intractable muscle wasting diseases. Here, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of peptide-2, an inhibitory core of mouse MSTN prodomain, on MSTN signaling. Peptide-2 selectively suppressed the MSTN signal, although it had no effect on the activin signal. In contrast, peptide-2 slightly inhibited the GDF-11 signaling pathway, which is strongly related to the MSTN signaling pathway. Furthermore, we found that the i.m. injection of peptide-2 to tumor-implanted C57BL/6 mice alleviated muscle wasting in cancer cachexia. Although peptide-2 was unable to improve the loss of heart weight and fat mass when cancer cachexia model mice were injected with it, peptide-2 increased the gastrocnemius muscle weight and muscle cross-sectional area resulted in the enhanced grip strength in cancer cachexia mice. Consequently, the model mice treated with peptide-2 could survive longer than those that did not undergo this treatment. Our results suggest that peptide-2 might be a novel therapeutic candidate to suppress muscle wasting in cancer cachexia.

SUBMITTER: Ojima C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7419029 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Peptide-2 from mouse myostatin precursor protein alleviates muscle wasting in cancer-associated cachexia.

Ojima Chiharu C Noguchi Yuri Y Miyamoto Tatsuki T Saito Yuki Y Orihashi Hiroki H Yoshimatsu Yasuhiro Y Watabe Tetsuro T Takayama Kentaro K Hayashi Yoshio Y Itoh Fumiko F

Cancer science 20200701 8

Cancer cachexia, characterized by continuous muscle wasting, is a key determinant of cancer-related death; however, there are few medical treatments to combat it. Myostatin (MSTN)/growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8), which is a member of the transforming growth factor-β family, is secreted in an inactivated form noncovalently bound to the prodomain, negatively regulating the skeletal muscle mass. Therefore, inhibition of MSTN signaling is expected to serve as a therapeutic target for intract ...[more]

PMID: 32519375

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Project description:BackgroundCtns-/- mice, a mouse model of infantile nephropathic cystinosis, exhibit hypermetabolism with adipose tissue browning and profound muscle wasting. Ctns-/- mice are 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 insufficient. We investigated whether vitamin D repletion could ameliorate adipose tissue browning and muscle wasting in Ctns-/- mice.MethodsTwelve-month-old Ctns-/- mice and wild-type controls were treated with 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 (75 μg/kg/day and 60 ng/kg/day, respectively) or an ethylene glycol vehicle for 6 weeks. Serum chemistry and parameters of energy homeostasis were measured. We quantitated total fat mass and studied expression of molecules regulating adipose tissue browning, energy metabolism, and inflammation. We measured lean mass content, skeletal muscle fibre size, in vivo muscle function (grip strength and rotarod activity), and expression of molecules regulating muscle metabolism. We also analysed the transcriptome of skeletal muscle in Ctns-/- mice using RNAseq.ResultsSupplementation of 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 normalized serum concentration of 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 in Ctns-/- mice, respectively. Repletion of vitamin D partially or fully normalized food intake, weight gain, gain of fat, and lean mass, improved energy homeostasis, and attenuated perturbations of uncoupling proteins and adenosine triphosphate content in adipose tissue and muscle in Ctns-/- mice. Vitamin D repletion attenuated elevated expression of beige adipose cell biomarkers (UCP-1, CD137, Tmem26, and Tbx1) as well as aberrant expression of molecules implicated in adipose tissue browning (Cox2, Pgf2α, and NF-κB pathway) in inguinal white adipose tissue in Ctns-/- mice. Vitamin D repletion normalized skeletal muscle fibre size and improved in vivo muscle function in Ctns-/- mice. This was accompanied by correcting the increased muscle catabolic signalling (increased protein contents of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α as well as an increased gene expression of Murf-2, atrogin-1, and myostatin) and promoting the decreased muscle regeneration and myogenesis process (decreased gene expression of Igf1, Pax7, and MyoD) in skeletal muscles of Ctns-/- mice. Muscle RNAseq analysis revealed aberrant gene expression profiles associated with reduced muscle and neuron regeneration, increased energy metabolism, and fibrosis in Ctns-/- mice. Importantly, repletion of 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 normalized the top 20 differentially expressed genes in Ctns-/- mice.ConclusionsWe report the novel findings that correction of 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 insufficiency reverses cachexia and may improve quality of life by restoring muscle function in an animal model of infantile nephropathic cystinosis. Mechanistically, vitamin D repletion attenuates adipose tissue browning and muscle wasting in Ctns-/- mice via multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Dataset Information

Peptide-2 from mouse myostatin precursor protein alleviates muscle wasting in cancer-associated cachexia.

Publications

Peptide-2 from mouse myostatin precursor protein alleviates muscle wasting in cancer-associated cachexia.

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