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Potential diagnostics and therapeutic approaches in COVID-19.

ABSTRACT: The most important aspect of controlling COVID-19 is its timely diagnosis. Molecular diagnostic tests target the detection of any of the following markers such as the specific region of the viral genome, certain enzyme, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the structural proteins such as surface spike glycoprotein, nucleocapsid protein, envelope protein, or membrane protein of SARS-CoV-2. This review highlights the underlying mechanisms, advancements, and clinical limitations for each of the diagnostic techniques authorized by the Food and Drug Administration (USA). Significance of diagnosis triaging, information on specimen collection, safety considerations while handling, transport, and storage of samples have been highlighted to make medical and research community more informed so that better clinical strategies are developed. We have discussed here the clinical manifestations and hospital outcomes along with the underlying mechanisms for several drugs administered to COVID-19 prophylaxis. In addition to favourable clinical outcomes, the challenges, and the future directions of management of COVOD-19 are highlighted. Having a comprehensive knowledge of the diagnostic approaches of SARS-CoV-2, and its pathogenesis will be of great value in designing a long-term strategy to tackle COVID-19.

SUBMITTER: Kumari P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7419266 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Potential diagnostics and therapeutic approaches in COVID-19.

Kumari Pratibha P Singh Archana A Ngasainao Moses Rinchui MR Shakeel Ilma I Kumar Sanjay S Lal Seema S Singhal Anchal A Sohal S S SS Singh Indrakant Kumar IK Hassan M I MI

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 20200812

The most important aspect of controlling COVID-19 is its timely diagnosis. Molecular diagnostic tests target the detection of any of the following markers such as the specific region of the viral genome, certain enzyme, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the structural proteins such as surface spike glycoprotein, nucleocapsid protein, envelope protein, or membrane protein of SARS-CoV-2. This review highlights the underlying mechanisms, advancements, and clinical limitations for each of the diagnostic ...[more]

PMID: 32795547

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Project description:The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is a highly infectious acute respiratory disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) (Prec Clin Med 2020;3:9–13, Lancet 2020;395:497–506, N. Engl J Med 2020a;382:1199–207, Nature 2020;579:270–3). SARS-CoV-2 surveillance is essential to controlling widespread transmission. However, there are several challenges associated with the diagnostic of the COVID-19 during the current outbreak (Liu and Li (2019), Nature 2020;579:265–9, N. Engl J Med 2020;382:727–33). Firstly, the high number of cases overwhelms diagnostic test capacity and proposes the need for a rapid solution for sample processing (Science 2018;360:444–8). Secondly, SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to other important coronavirus species and subspecies, so detection assays can give false-positive results if they are not efficiently specific to SARS-CoV-2. Thirdly, patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection sometimes have a different respiratory viral infection or co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses (MedRxiv 2020a;1–18). Confirmation of the COVID-19 is performed mainly by virus isolation followed by RT-PCR and sequencing (N. Engl J Med 2020;382:727–33, MedRxiv 2020a, Turkish J Biol 2020;44:192–202). The emergence and outbreak of the novel coronavirus highlighted the urgent need for new therapeutic technologies that are fast, precise, stable, easy to manufacture, and target-specific for surveillance and treatment. Molecular biology tools that include gene-editing approaches such as CRISPR-Cas12/13-based SHERLOCK, DETECTR, CARVER and PAC-MAN, antisense oligonucleotides, antisense peptide nucleic acids, ribozymes, aptamers, and RNAi silencing approaches produced with cutting-edge scientific advances compared to conventional diagnostic or treatment methods could be vital in COVID-19 and other future outbreaks. Thus, in this review, we will discuss potent the molecular biology approaches that can revolutionize diagnostic of viral infections and therapies to fight COVID-19 in a highly specific, stable, and efficient way. Highlights SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus that could be targeted and diagnosed with novel CRISPR approaches. ASO therapy targeting transcript encoding a viral protein or genomic RNA itself could be developed as a response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Antisense peptide nucleic acids, which have significant potential as antiviral agents, are important therapeutic candidates that can target SARS-CoV-2 RNA with high hybridization affinity and stability. Although ribozyme and aptamer technologies are relatively older than other gene-editing technologies, they are still strong candidates in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic due to their high specificities and low toxicities, besides that aptamers are highly reproducible. siRNAs that target structural or non-structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2, could inhibit assembly and replication of SARS-CoV-2.

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Potential diagnostics and therapeutic approaches in COVID-19.

Publications

Potential diagnostics and therapeutic approaches in COVID-19.

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