Dataset Information

Urine metabolomic responses to aerobic and resistance training in rats under chronic unpredictable mild stress.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:It is known that bioenergetics of aerobic and resistance exercise are not the same but both can effectively improve depression. However, it is not clear whether and how different types of exercise can influence depression through the same metabolic regulatory system. Metabolomics provides a way to study the correlation between metabolites and changes in exercise and/or diseases through the quantitative analysis of all metabolites in the organism. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic and resistance training on urinary metabolites by metabolomics analysis in a rodent model of depression. METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for eight weeks. The validity of the modeling was assessed by behavioral indices. After four weeks of CUMS, the rats that developed depression were randomly divided into a depression control group, an aerobic training group and a resistance training group. There was also a normal control group. From week 5, the rats in the exercise groups were trained for 30 min per day, five days per week, for four weeks. The urine samples were collected pre and post the training program, and analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. RESULTS:Both types of training improved depression-like behavior in CUMS rats. Compared with normal control, 21 potential biomarkers were identified in the urine of CUMS rats, mainly involved in energy, amino acids and intestinal microbial metabolic pathways. Common responses to the training were found in the two exercise groups that the levels of glutamine, acetone and creatine were significantly recalled (all P<0.05) Aerobic training also resulted in changes in pyruvate and trigonelline, while resistance training modified ?-Oxoglutarate, citric acid, and trimethylamine oxide (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Aerobic and resistance training resulted in common effects on the metabolic pathways of alanine-aspartate-glutamate, TCA cycle, and butyric acid. Aerobic training also had effects on glycolysis or gluconeogenesis and pyruvate metabolism, while resistance training had additional effect on intestinal microbial metabolism.

SUBMITTER: Han Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7423134 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Urine metabolomic responses to aerobic and resistance training in rats under chronic unpredictable mild stress.

Han Yumei Y Jia Yi Y Tian Junsheng J Zhou Shi S Chen Anping A Luo Xin X

PloS one 20200812 8

<h4>Background</h4>It is known that bioenergetics of aerobic and resistance exercise are not the same but both can effectively improve depression. However, it is not clear whether and how different types of exercise can influence depression through the same metabolic regulatory system. Metabolomics provides a way to study the correlation between metabolites and changes in exercise and/or diseases through the quantitative analysis of all metabolites in the organism. The objective of this study wa ...[more]

PMID: 32785263

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Project description:Chronic stress and depression impart increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events. Autonomic dysregulation, particularly sympathoexcitation, has long been associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes. Vasopressin (AVP) receptors with the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), known as an integrating locus for hemodynamic and autonomic function, have been implicated in behavior and stress. The present studies were designed to test the hypothesis that knockdown of vasopressin V1aR within the PVN in male Sprague Dawley rats subjected to chronic mild unpredictable stress (CMS) would result in lower resting hemodynamics and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mitigate the responses to acute stressors. Male rats underwent CMS for 4 weeks; controls were housed in standard caging. Twenty days into the paradigm, the PVN was injected with either small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against V1aR or scrambled RNA (scrRNA). Arterial pressure, heart rate and RSNA were ascertained by telemetry with the animals in their home cages. Pretreatment with siRNA to V1aR prevented the increase in arterial pressure to PVN microinjection with exogenous AVP. Basal mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly higher in scrRNA-treated but not in siRNA-treated CMS rats vs control rats. Paradoxically, basal RSNA was approximately two-fold higher in siRNA-treated CMS rats. Acute emotional stress delivered as 15-sec air-jet resulted in greater peak and duration of the MAP and RSNA responses in scrRNA-treated CMS rats vs control; siRNA treatment inhibited the responses. The 15-sec exposure to ammonia to test the nasopharyngeal reflex, whose circuitry does not include the PVN, produced similar increases in arterial pressure, heart rate, and RSNA in controls and both groups of CMS rats. Thus, CMS increases arterial pressure and predisposes to greater hemodynamic and RSNA responses to acute emotional stress. The higher basal RSNA in siRNA-treated rats may be due to functional and/or anatomical neuroplasticity occurring during more protracted inhibition of V1aR PVN signaling. Vasopressinergic signaling via V1aR in PVN modulates the cardiovascular and sympathetic responses to both the chronic and acute stress.

Project description:Purpose:In our present study, a rat depression model induced by 6 weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was established, and we investigated how Xiaoyaosan affects the intestinal permeability of depressed rats and alterations in tight-junction proteins (TJs) involved in this process. Methods:The rat depression model was established using CUMS for 6 consecutive weeks. A total of 40 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly sorted into four groups: the control group, CUMS group, Xiaoyaosan group, and fluoxetine group. All groups, excluding the control group, were subjected to the 6-week CUMS program to generate the depression model. Body weight, food intake, and behaviors were observed during the modeling period. Histopathological alterations of colon tissue were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E), and mucus-containing goblet cells were detected by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. The ultrastructural morphology of colonic mucosa was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to determine the expression of TJs. The concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the hypothalamus and colon were also assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results:Treatment of depressed rats with Xiaoyaosan alleviated depression-like behaviors as demonstrated by increases in the total distance traveled, the number of entries into the central area in the open field test, the duration spent in the central area, and sucrose preference. Xiaoyaosan treatment also increased body weight gain and food intake in depressed rats. Moreover, Xiaoyaosan treatment effectively improved the colonic pathological and ultrastructural changes, upregulated the expression of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in the colon, and increased 5-HT levels in the hypothalamus and colonic mucosa. Conclusions:Xiaoyaosan treatment attenuates depression-like behaviors caused by CUMS and ameliorates CUMS-induced abnormal intestinal permeability, which may be associated with the expression of TJs. These results suggest that Xiaoyaosan exerts an antidepressant effect that may be related to an improvement of intestinal barrier function via the brain-gut axis.

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Urine metabolomic responses to aerobic and resistance training in rats under chronic unpredictable mild stress.

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Urine metabolomic responses to aerobic and resistance training in rats under chronic unpredictable mild stress.

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