Dataset Information

Estimating Arctic Temperature Impacts from Select European Residential Heating Appliances and Mitigation Strategies.

ABSTRACT: The use of residential heating devices is a key source of black carbon and other short-lived climate forcer emissions in Arctic and other high latitude regions, with important impacts to the Arctic climate and human health. The types of combustion technologies and fuels used varies by region, which impacts the emission profiles of these pollutants and thus the magnitude of Arctic climate responses. Using emission inventory data from 14 European countries, we derive wood-fueled residential heating emissions of black carbon, organic carbon, and sulfate from six appliance types in 2016. Using previously derived equilibrium Arctic temperature responses, we estimate Arctic temperature influences from each appliance type. Using the 2016 appliance emission data as a baseline, we compute the emission mass and Arctic temperature mitigation potential from hypothetical stove conversion scenarios. A total of 43.2 gigagrams (Gg) of black carbon, 175.7 Gg of organic carbon, and 10.3 Gg of sulfate were emitted in 2016 from the six appliance types in the 14 countries. The combined emissions increased Arctic surface temperatures by +2.8 millikelvin. If each country converted its appliance fleet to the technologically advanced pellet stoves and boilers, the combined black carbon, organic carbon, and sulfate emissions from heating appliances could be reduced by 94% and the Arctic temperature response reduced by 85%. The specific source and originating region of emissions are important factors in resolving the magnitude of their impacts. Improved country-level accounting of specific appliances and their emission characteristics can lead to a better understanding of potential mitigation options.

SUBMITTER: Seay B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7425647 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Estimating Arctic Temperature Impacts from Select European Residential Heating Appliances and Mitigation Strategies.

Seay Brannon B Adetona Anna M AM Sarofim Marcus M Kolian Michael M

Earth's future 20200601 8

The use of residential heating devices is a key source of black carbon and other short-lived climate forcer emissions in Arctic and other high latitude regions, with important impacts to the Arctic climate and human health. The types of combustion technologies and fuels used varies by region, which impacts the emission profiles of these pollutants and thus the magnitude of Arctic climate responses. Using emission inventory data from 14 European countries, we derive wood-fueled residential heatin ...[more]

PMID: 32802911

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Project description:Rationale: Oral appliance therapy is efficacious in many patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but prediction of treatment outcome is challenging. Small, detailed physiological studies have identified key OSA endotypic traits (pharyngeal collapsibility and loop gain) as determinants of greater oral appliance efficacy.Objectives: We used a clinically applicable method to estimate OSA traits from routine polysomnography and identify an endotype-based subgroup of patients expected to show superior efficacy.Methods: In 93 patients (baseline apnea-hypopnea index [AHI], ≥20 events/h), we examined whether polysomnography-estimated OSA traits (pharyngeal: collapsibility and muscle compensation; nonpharyngeal: loop gain, arousal threshold, and ventilatory response to arousal) were associated with oral appliance efficacy (percentage reduction in AHI from baseline) and could predict responses to treatment. Multivariable regression (with interactions) defined endotype-based subgroups of "predicted" responders and nonresponders (based on 50% reduction in AHI). Treatment efficacy was compared between the predicted subgroups (with cross-validation).Results: Greater oral appliance efficacy was associated with favorable nonpharyngeal traits (lower loop gain, higher arousal threshold, and lower response to arousal), moderate (nonmild, nonsevere) pharyngeal collapsibility, and weaker muscle compensation (overall R2 = 0.30; adjusted R2 = 0.19; P = 0.003). Predicted responders (n = 54), compared with predicted nonresponders (n = 39), exhibited a greater reduction in AHI from baseline (mean [95% confidence interval], 73% [66-79] vs. 51% [38-61]; P < 0.0001) and a lower treatment AHI (8 [6-11] vs. 16 [12-20] events/h; P = 0.002). Differences persisted after adjusting for clinical covariates (including baseline AHI, body mass index, and neck circumference).Conclusions: Quantifying OSA traits using clinical polysomnography can identify an endotype-based subgroup of patients that is highly responsive to oral appliance therapy. Prospective validation is warranted.

Dataset Information

Estimating Arctic Temperature Impacts from Select European Residential Heating Appliances and Mitigation Strategies.

Publications

Estimating Arctic Temperature Impacts from Select European Residential Heating Appliances and Mitigation Strategies.

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