Dataset Information

Fear control and danger control amid COVID-19 dental crisis: Application of the Extended Parallel Process Model.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:There is high risk of contamination with COVID-19 virus during routine dental procedures and infection control is crucial. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with Covid-19 preventive behaviors among oral health care providers using an extended parallel process model (EPPM). METHODS:In a cross-sectional study, short text message invite surveys were sent to 870 oral health care providers in west part of Iran. Data were collected through validated self-report EPPM questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Fishers exact tests were used for data analysis. RESULTS:In total, 300 completed questionnaires were received and the mean age of respondents was 29.89 ± 11.17 years (range: 20-75 years). Among the study population, 284 (94.67%) perceived the threat of infection highly. Washing hands frequently with water and soap and use of hand sanitizer was reported by 93.33%, of participants. Age (P = 0.010), sex (P = 0.002) and occupation field (P = 0.010) were significantly associated with danger control responses. Data identified that those oral health care providers that were on the danger control response adopted preventive behaviors more strictly than those on fear control response. CONCLUSION:The results of this study showed how degrees of perceived threat and perceived efficacy influenced oral health providers' willingness to perform recommended health behaviors. These findings can assist public health agencies in developing educational programs specifically designed for promoting preventive behaviors among oral health providers in pandemic situations.

SUBMITTER: Shirahmadi S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7425864 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Fear control and danger control amid COVID-19 dental crisis: Application of the Extended Parallel Process Model.

Shirahmadi Samane S Seyedzadeh-Sabounchi Shabnam S Khazaei Salman S Bashirian Saeid S Miresmæili Amir Farhang AF Bayat Zeinab Z Houshmand Behzad B Houshmand Behzad B Semyari Hasan H Barati Majid M Jenabi Ensiyeh E Heidarian Fakhreddin F Zareian Sepideh S Kheirandish Mohammad M Dadae Neda N

PloS one 20200813 8

<h4>Objectives</h4>There is high risk of contamination with COVID-19 virus during routine dental procedures and infection control is crucial. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with Covid-19 preventive behaviors among oral health care providers using an extended parallel process model (EPPM).<h4>Methods</h4>In a cross-sectional study, short text message invite surveys were sent to 870 oral health care providers in west part of Iran. Data were collected through validate ...[more]

PMID: 32790730

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Project description:BackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a major global public health challenge. This study aimed to investigate on how people perceive the COVID-19 outbreak using the components of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) and to find out how this might contribute to possible behavioral responses to the prevention and control of the disease.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran during March and April 2020. Participants were recruited via online applications using a number of platforms such as Telegram, WhatsApp, and Instagram asking people to take part in the study. To collect data an electronic self-designed questionnaire based on the EPPM was used in order to measure the risk perception (efficacy, defensive responses, perceived treat) related to the COVID-19. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), were used to explore the data.ResultsA total of 3727 individuals with a mean age (SD) of 37.0 (11.1) years participated in the study. The results revealed significant differences in efficacy, defensive responses and perceived treat among different population groups particularly among those aged 60 and over. Women had significantly higher scores than men on some aspects such as self-efficacy, reactance, and avoidance but men had higher perceived susceptibility scores compared to women. Overall 56.4% of participants were engaged in danger control (preventive behavior) while the remaining 43.6% were engaged in fear control (non-preventive behavior) process.ConclusionMore than half of all participants motivated by danger control. This indicated that more than half of participants had high perceived efficacy (i.e., self-efficacy and response efficacy). Self-efficacy scores were significantly higher among participants who were older, female, single, lived in rural areas, and had good economic status. The results suggest that socioeconomic and demographic factors are the main determinants of the COVID-19 risk perception. Indeed, targeted interventions are essential for controlling the pandemic.

Project description:BackgroundLocal public health agencies play a central role in response to an influenza pandemic, and understanding the willingness of their employees to report to work is therefore a critically relevant concern for pandemic influenza planning efforts. Witte's Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) has been found useful for understanding adaptive behavior in the face of unknown risk, and thus offers a framework for examining scenario-specific willingness to respond among local public health workers. We thus aim to use the EPPM as a lens for examining the influences of perceived threat and efficacy on local public health workers' response willingness to pandemic influenza.Methodology/principal findingsWe administered an online, EPPM-based survey about attitudes/beliefs toward emergency response (Johns Hopkins approximately Public Health Infrastructure Response Survey Tool), to local public health employees in three states between November 2006-December 2007. A total of 1835 responses were collected for an overall response rate of 83%. With some regional variation, overall 16% of the workers in 2006-7 were not willing to "respond to a pandemic flu emergency regardless of its severity". Local health department employees with a perception of high threat and high efficacy--i.e., those fitting a 'concerned and confident' profile in the EPPM analysis--had the highest declared rates of willingness to respond to an influenza pandemic if required by their agency, which was 31.7 times higher than those fitting a 'low threat/low efficacy' EPPM profile.Conclusions/significanceIn the context of pandemic influenza planning, the EPPM provides a useful framework to inform nuanced understanding of baseline levels of--and gaps in--local public health workers' response willingness. Within local health departments, 'concerned and confident' employees are most likely to be willing to respond. This finding may allow public health agencies to design, implement, and evaluate training programs focused on emergency response attitudes in health departments.

Project description:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic causes major morbidity and mortality in the world. Timely behavioral response assessment of the community is important to shape the next effective interventions and risk communication strategies to adopt preventive behavior. Hence, this study aimed to assess behavioral responses for facemask-use messages to prevent COVID-19 and its predictors among residents of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia, 2021 by using the Extended Parallel Process Model. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with the guide of the Extended Parallel Process Model in Bahir Dar city from March 9 to April 9, 2021. A multistage sampling technique was used, and data was collected through a face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire using Epicollect5. Descriptive statistics and Binary logistic regression were computed using SPSS V.25. Variable with P < 0.25 in the bivariable analysis was a candidate for multivariable analysis to control confounding effect. In multivariable analysis, variables with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant and the result was presented using an adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 616 participants with a response rate of 97.1% were included. Of the total participants, 229(37.2%) were in the danger control response. The behavioral response was affected by Occupational status [AOR (95%CI) 3.53(1.67-7.46)], the number of people living together [AOR (95%CI) 2.62(1.28-5.39)], self-control [AOR (95%CI) 1.14(1.05-1.25)], a friend for the preferred source of information [AOR (95%CI) 5.18(3.22-8.33)] and printed materials for the preferred channel [AOR (95%CI) 2.14(1.35-3.43)]. Above one-third of the participants were in the danger control response. Occupational status, number of people living together, self-control, a friend for the preferred source of information, and printed materials for the preferred channel were independent predictors of resident behavioral response to the use of facemasks. Policymakers should consider students and people who live alone. Message developers should use a friendly person to transmit messages and should prepare printed materials. Activities and strategies should also focus on self-control and perceived efficacy without ignoring the perceived threat.

Project description:BackgroundCutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is an important public health issue in at least 83 countries, including Iran. Individuals' behavior modification is believed to be one of the best ways for CL prevention. However, no comprehensive questionnaires have been psychoanalyzed for identification of CL prevention behaviors and its numerous associated factors, as well as the impact of educational messages. Thus, the present study was conducted to develop and psychometrically assess CL prevention behaviors questionnaire in female students.MethodsThe present study was performed from October 2020 to May 2021 by developing a preliminary questionnaire based on integration of Cultural Model and Extended Parallel Process Model. The questionnaire was completed online by 460 adolescent female students living in endemic areas of Isfahan, Iran. Exploratory factor analysis was performed using SPSS 24 to ensure the construct validity. Internal reliability was assessed via Cronbach's alpha and external reliability was determined using the test-retest method based on the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) index.ResultsThe first version of the questionnaire contains 110 items, out of which 82 remained according to content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) criteria. Afterwards, 11 items were removed due to low factor load in the construct validity process using the factor analysis technique. Ultimately, a 71-items questionnaire was developed and 12 factors were extracted from it. According to Cronbach's alpha index, the internal reliability for the questionnaire was 0.877 and the ICC index calculated the external reliability as 0.833.ConclusionsIntegration of a Cultural Model with individual model was used for the first time to measure the factors related to CL prevention behaviors in this questionnaire; owing to the strength of the factor structure and appropriate psychometric properties, the questionnaire is applicable in the evaluation process of educational interventions concerning CL prevention, especially in female students.

Dataset Information

Fear control and danger control amid COVID-19 dental crisis: Application of the Extended Parallel Process Model.

Publications

Fear control and danger control amid COVID-19 dental crisis: Application of the Extended Parallel Process Model.

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