Bariatric surgery in obese patients with ventricular assist devices.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: daSilva-deAbreu A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7427728 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Bariatric surgery in obese patients with ventricular assist devices.
daSilva-deAbreu Adrian A Alhafez Bader Aldeen BA Curbelo-Pena Yuhamy Y Lavie Carl J CJ Ventura Hector O HO Loro-Ferrer Juan Francisco JF Mandras Stacy A SA
BMC research notes 20200814 1
<h4>Objectives</h4>Patients with end-stage heart failure (ESHF) treated with ventricular assist devices (VADs) tend to gain weight, which may prevent them from receiving heart transplantation (HT) if their body mass index (BMI) reaches ≥ 35 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. The objective was to synthesize all cases available in the literature and describe the most important outcomes of bariatric surgery (BS) in VAD patients, including BMI trends, reaching a BMI < 35 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, listing for HT, achieving H ...[more]
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Project description:ObjectivesPatients with end-stage heart failure (ESHF) treated with ventricular assist devices (VADs) tend to gain weight after implantation, which is associated with higher complication rates and is a contraindication for heart transplantation (HT). The objective was to analyze the outcomes of obese patients with ESHF and VADs who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) at Ochsner Medical Center in New Orleans, which is the only program performing VADs and HT in the State of Louisiana, and also one of the largest VAD centers in the USA.Data descriptionThis dataset contains detailed baseline, perioperative, and long-term data of patients with VADs undergoing LSG. These variables were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records. Patients who achieved ≥ 50% excess BMI loss, BMI ≤ 35 kg/m2, listing for HT, HT, or myocardial recovery were identified and the timing to each of these milestones was documented. These data can be used alone or in combination with other datasets to achieve a larger sample size with more power for further analysis of these variables, which include the most important, standard, and objective bariatric and ESHF outcomes of patients with VADs undergoing LSG. Elaboration of composite outcomes is feasible.
| S-EPMC7496210 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The number of patients supported with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) is rising rapidly, and noncardiac surgery (NCS) in these patients presents unique challenges. Given the controversy regarding the safety and timing of elective NCS, we performed a systematic review examining the perioperative morbidity and mortality of NCS in stable patients with LVADs. The published literature was searched using strategies created by a medical librarian. All reports involving five or more patients with implanted LVAD undergoing NCS were eligible for inclusion. One hundred and sixty one patients who underwent 252 surgeries were included from seven studies. Cohort size ranged from 8 to 47 patients undergoing 12 to 67 NCS. Median age ranged from 50.1 to 68 years and 75 to 100% were male. Thirty day postoperative mortality ranged from 6.4 to 16.7%, although four studies reported no deaths. Due to the small number of included studies with relative few patients and widely heterogeneous reporting of outcomes a formal quantitative meta-analysis was not performed. Noncardiac surgery in patients with LVADs appears to be safe and feasible in select patients. Future studies should use standard study design and reporting parameters to facilitate the systematic examination of safety and outcomes for elective NCS in LVAD patients.
| S-EPMC7380324 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The implantation of continuous - flow ventricular assist devices (VAD) is suggested to evoke angiodysplasia contributing to adverse events such as gastrointestinal bleeding. We evaluated in vivo capillary density and glycocalyx dimensions to investigate possible systemic microvascular changes in patients with chronic heart failure and VAD support vs. standard medical treatment. Forty-two patients with VAD support were compared to forty-one patients with ischemic and non-ischemic chronic heart failure (CHF) on standard pharmacotherapy and to a group of forty-two healthy subjects in a prospective cross-sectional study. Sublingual microcirculation was visualized using Sidestream Darkfield videomicroscopy and functional and perfused total capillary densities were quantified. Patients with VAD implantation were followed for one year and bleeding events were recorded. Median time after VAD implantation was 18 months. Patients were treated with centrifugal-flow devices (n = 31) or axial-flow devices (n = 11). Median functional capillary density was significantly lower in patients with VAD therapy as compared to CHF patients (196 vs. 255/mm2, p = 0.042, adjusted p-value). Functional and total capillary densities were 44% and 53% lower (both p < 0.001) in patients with VAD therapy when compared to healthy subjects. Cox regression analysis revealed loss of capillary density as a significant predictor of bleeding events during one -year follow-up of VAD patients (HR: 0.987, CI (95%): 0.977-0.998, p = 0.021 for functional and 0.992, CI (95%): 0.985-0.999, p = 0.03 for total capillary density). In conclusion, patients with VAD support exhibit capillary density rarefaction, which was associated with bleeding events. If confirmed independently, capillary impairment may be evaluated as novel marker of bleeding risk.
| S-EPMC6459831 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceInformation regarding the performance and outcomes of noncardiac surgery (NCS) in patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) is scarce, with limited longitudinal follow-up data that are mostly limited to single-center reports.ObjectiveTo examine the trends, patient characteristics, and outcomes associated with NCS among patients with LVAD.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study examined patients enrolled in Medicare undergoing durable LVAD implantation from January 2012 to November 2017 with follow-up through December 2017. The study included all Medicare Provider and Analysis Review Part A files for the years 2012 to 2017. Patients identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) procedure codes for new LVAD implantation were included. Data analysis was performed from November 2019 to February 2020.ExposuresNCS procedures were identified using the ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 procedural codes and divided into elective and urgent or emergent.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as in-hospital or 30-day all-cause mortality, ischemic stroke, or intracerebral hemorrhage after NCS. Early (<60 days after NCS) and late (≥60 days after NCS) mortality after NCS were analyzed in both subgroups using time-varying covariate and landmark analysis using patients who did not undergo NCS as reference.ResultsOf the 8118 patients with LVAD (mean [SD] age, 63.4 [10.8] years; 6484 men [79.9%]), 1326 (16.3%, or approximately 1 in 6) underwent NCS, of which 1000 procedures (75.4%) were emergent or urgent and 326 (24.6%) were elective. There was no difference in age between patients who underwent NCS and patients who did not (mean [SD] age, 63.6 [10.6] vs 63.4 [10.9] years). The number of NCS procedures among patients with LVAD increased from 64 in 2012 to 304 in 2017. The median (interquartile range) time from LVAD implantation to NCS was 309 (133-606) days. The most frequent type of NCS was general (613 abdominal, pelvic, and gastrointestinal procedures [46.2%]). Perioperative MACEs occurred in 169 patients (16.9%) undergoing emergent or urgent NCS and 23 patients (7.1%) undergoing elective NCS. Urgent or emergent NCS was associated with higher mortality early (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 8.78; 95% CI, 7.20-10.72; P < .001) and late (aHR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.53-1.90; P < .001) after NCS compared with patients with LVAD who did not undergo NCS. Elective NCS was also associated with higher mortality early (aHR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.74-4.03; P < .001) and late (aHR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.07-1.56; P = .008) after NCS.Conclusions and relevanceOne of 6 patients with LVAD underwent NCS. Perioperative MACEs were frequent. Higher mortality risk transcended the early postoperative period in urgent or emergent and elective surgical procedures.
| S-EPMC7662145 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPatients with left ventricular assist devices presenting for noncardiac surgery are increasingly commonplace; however, little is known about their outcomes. Accordingly, the authors sought to determine the frequency of complications, risk factors, and staffing patterns.MethodsThe authors performed a retrospective study at their academic tertiary care center, investigating all adult left ventricular assist device patients undergoing noncardiac surgery from 2006 to 2015. The authors described perioperative profiles of noncardiac surgery cases, including patient, left ventricular assist device, surgical case, and anesthetic characteristics, as well as staffing by cardiac/noncardiac anesthesiologists. Through univariate and multivariable analyses, the authors studied acute kidney injury as a primary outcome; secondary outcomes included elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase suggestive of left ventricular assist device thrombosis, intraoperative bleeding complication, and intraoperative hypotension. The authors additionally studied major perioperative complications and mortality.ResultsTwo hundred and forty-six patients underwent 702 procedures. Of 607 index cases, 110 (18%) experienced postoperative acute kidney injury, and 16 (2.6%) had elevated lactate dehydrogenase. Of cases with complete blood pressure data, 176 (27%) experienced intraoperative hypotension. Bleeding complications occurred in 45 cases (6.4%). Thirteen (5.3%) patients died within 30 days of surgery. Independent risk factors associated with acute kidney injury included major surgical procedures (adjusted odds ratio, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 17.3; P = 0.03) and cases prompting invasive arterial line monitoring (adjusted odds ratio, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.3 to 10.3; P = 0.02) or preoperative fresh frozen plasma transfusion (adjusted odds ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.8; P = 0.02).ConclusionsIntraoperative hypotension and acute kidney injury were the most common complications in left ventricular assist device patients presenting for noncardiac surgery; perioperative management remains a challenge.
| S-EPMC5309174 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ABSTRACTAdvanced Heart Failure (AHF) is a complex syndrome that affects the physiology of the heart to maintain efficient blood circulation resulting in multiorgan failure and, eventually, death. Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs) have become the cornerstone therapy for AHF patients, both as a bridge to transplantation and as a decisive therapy. Recently the results of the MOMENTUM 3 Trial were published. The trial compared HeartMate 3 LVAD with HeartMate II LVAD in a randomized trial in The Multicenter Study of MagLev Technology in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Circulatory Support Therapy with HeartMate 3 (MOMENTUM 3). Of 366 patients, 190 were assigned to the centrifugal-flow pump group (HeartMate 3) and 176 to the axial-flow (HeartMate II) pump group. In the intention-to-treat population, the primary end point occurred in 151 patients (79.5%) in the centrifugal-flow pump group, as compared with 106 (60.2%) in the axial-flow pump group (P < 0.001 for noninferiority). Reoperation for pump malfunction was less frequent in the centrifugal-flow pump group than in the axial-flow pump group (P < 0.001).The results of the MOMENTUM 3 Trial are a big achievement in the cardiovascular world. Any improvement in LVADs that reduces the risk of stroke, perhaps the most feared complication of these devices, would be meaningful. Besides, given the observed lower rate of pump thrombosis and reoperation for pump malfunction, it already seems likely that the HeartMate 3 will supplant the HeartMate II in clinical practice. In addition, the risks that are associated with reoperation undoubtedly counterbalanced any unintentional bias in performing that intervention.
| S-EPMC6292364 | biostudies-other
Project description:Ventricular assist devices (VADs) have been shown to improve survival and overall quality of life, but there are limited data on pain control and functional status in this patient population.This study examined changes in pain, functional status, and quality of life over time in VAD patients.Patients were enrolled in this prospective cohort study before or as early after VAD implant as possible and then followed for up to 48 weeks. The Brief Pain Inventory was used to assess pain. The Katz Independent Activities of Daily Living questionnaire was used to assess functional status. The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, a 23-item questionnaire covering five domains (physical function, symptoms, social function, self-efficacy, and quality of life), was used to assess quality of life and health status.Eighty-seven patients were enrolled at four medical centers. The median Brief Pain Inventory severity score was 2.8 (interquartile range 0.5-5.0) before implantation and 0.0 (interquartile range 0.0-5.3) 48 weeks after implantation (P = 0.0009). Katz Independent Activities of Daily Living summary scores also demonstrated significant improvement over time (P < 0.0001). Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire summary scales demonstrated significant improvement with time (P < 0.0016).This study demonstrated that patients with VADs experienced improved pain, functional status, and quality of life over time. These data may be useful to help patients make decisions when they are considering undergoing VAD implantation.
| S-EPMC5897591 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aortic, mitral and tricuspid valve regurgitation are commonly encountered in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs). These valvular heart conditions either develop prior to CF-LVAD implantation or are induced by the pump itself. They can all have significant detrimental effects on patients' survival and quality of life. With the improved durability of CF-LVADs and the overall rise in their volume of implants, an increasing number of patients will likely require a valvular heart intervention at some point during CF-LVAD therapy. However, these patients are often considered poor reoperative candidates. In this context, percutaneous approaches have emerged as an attractive "off-label" option for this patient population. Recent data show promising results, with high device success rates and rapid symptomatic improvements. However, the occurrence of distinct complications such as device migration, valve thrombosis or hemolysis remain of concern. In this review, we will present the pathophysiology of valvular heart disease in the setting of CF-LVAD support to help us understand the underlying rationale of these potential complications. We will then outline the current recommendations for the management of valvular heart disease in patients with CF-LVAD and discuss their limitations. Lastly, we will summarize the evidence related to transcatheter heart valve interventions in this patient population.
| S-EPMC10040555 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This review provides a comprehensive overview of the past 25+ years of research into the development of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) to improve clinical outcomes in patients with severe end-stage heart failure and basic insights gained into the biology of heart failure gleaned from studies of hearts and myocardium of patients undergoing LVAD support. Clinical aspects of contemporary LVAD therapy, including evolving device technology, overall mortality, and complications, are reviewed. We explain the hemodynamic effects of LVAD support and how these lead to ventricular unloading. This includes a detailed review of the structural, cellular, and molecular aspects of LVAD-associated reverse remodeling. Synergisms between LVAD support and medical therapies for heart failure related to reverse remodeling, remission, and recovery are discussed within the context of both clinical outcomes and fundamental effects on myocardial biology. The incidence, clinical implications and factors most likely to be associated with improved ventricular function and remission of the heart failure are reviewed. Finally, we discuss recognized impediments to achieving myocardial recovery in the vast majority of LVAD-supported hearts and their implications for future research aimed at improving the overall rates of recovery.
| S-EPMC9132540 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe assessment of hemodynamics in patients supported with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) is often challenging. Physical examination maneuvers correlate poorly with true hemodynamics. We assessed the value of novel transthoracic echocardiography (TTE)-derived variables to reliably predict hemodynamics in patients supported with LVAD.Methods and resultsA total of 102 Doppler-TTE images of the LVAD outflow cannula were obtained during simultaneous invasive right heart catheterization (RHC) in 30 patients supported with continuous-flow LVADs (22 HMII, 8 HVAD) either during routine RHC or during invasive ramp testing. Properties of the Doppler signal though the outflow cannula were measured at each ramp stage (RS), including the systolic slope (SS), diastolic slope (DS), and velocity time integral (VTI). Hemodynamic variables were concurrently recorded, including Doppler opening pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), Fick cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to explore the dependence of PCWP, CO, and SVR on DS, SS, VTI, MAP, HR, and RS. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed significant contributions of DS on PCWP (PCWPpred = 0.164DS + 4.959; R = 0.68). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that PCWPpred could predict an elevated PCWP ≥18 mm Hg with a sensitivity (Sn) of 94% and specificity (Sp) of 85% (area under the ROC curve 0.88). CO could be predicted by RS, VTI, and HR (COpred = 0.017VTI + 0.016HR + 0.12RS + 2.042; R = 0.61). COpred could predict CO ≤4.5 L/min with Sn 73% and Sp 79% (AUC 0.81). SVR could be predicted by MAP, VTI, and HR (SVRpred = 15.44MAP - 5.453VTI - 6.349HR + 856.15; R = 0.84) with Sn 84% and Sp 79% (AUC 0.91) to predict SVR ≥1200 dyn-s/cm5.ConclusionsDoppler-TTE variables derived from the LVAD outflow cannula can reliably predict PCWP, CO, and SVR in patients supported with LVADs and may mitigate the need for invasive testing.
| S-EPMC6252054 | biostudies-literature