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Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Activity Among Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study of a Rural City in Japan.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Although moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has multiple health benefits, current participation in recommended MVPA level and its determinants among Japanese children and adolescents remain unclear. Therefore, this cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of meeting recommended MVPA level and its correlates among Japanese children and adolescents. METHODS:Using the Japanese version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey questionnaire, we confirmed the prevalence of meeting recommended MVPA level in all primary schools (PS) and junior high schools (JHS) in Unnan City, Japan. We evaluated its association with school grade, gender, body weight status, screen time, consumption of breakfast, physical activity (PA) preference, and population density using Poisson regression. RESULTS:We found that 20.1% of the 1,794 students (9-15 years old) met the WHO recommendation. Meeting recommended MVPA level was significantly associated with being in the sixth grade of PS (prevalence ratio [PR] 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-0.84) and first (PR 1.52; 95% CI, 1.16-1.99), second (PR 1.45; 95% CI, 1.10-1.90), and third grade of JHS (PR 0.40; 95% CI, 0.26-0.62) (vs fourth grade of PS); being a boy (PR 1.33; 95% CI, 1.12-1.59) (vs girl); liking PA (PR 3.72; 95% CI, 2.22-6.22) (vs dislike); and belonging to a medium-population-density (PR 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61-0.88) or low-population-density area (PR 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48-0.94) (vs high-population-density area). CONCLUSIONS:About 20% of Japanese children and adolescents engaged in the recommended MVPA level. MVPA was associated with grade, gender, preference for PA, and population density.

SUBMITTER: Abe T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7429150 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Activity Among Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study of a Rural City in Japan.

Abe Takafumi T Kitayuguchi Jun J Okada Shinpei S Okuyama Kenta K Gomi Tatsunosuke T Kamada Masamitsu M Ueta Kenji K Nabika Toru T Tanaka Chiaki C

Journal of epidemiology 20190810 9

<h4>Background</h4>Although moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has multiple health benefits, current participation in recommended MVPA level and its determinants among Japanese children and adolescents remain unclear. Therefore, this cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of meeting recommended MVPA level and its correlates among Japanese children and adolescents.<h4>Methods</h4>Using the Japanese version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Health Behaviour in School-age ...[more]

PMID: 31406049

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Insufficient physical activity, short sleep duration, and excessive recreational screen time are increasing globally. Currently, there are little to no data describing prevalences and correlates of movement behaviours among children in low-middle-income countries. The few available reports do not include both urban and rural respondents, despite the large proportion of rural populations in low-middle-income countries. We compared the prevalence of meeting 24-h movement guidelines and examined correlates of meeting the guidelines in a sample of urban and rural Mozambican schoolchildren. METHODS:This is cross-sectional study of 9-11?year-old children (n?=?683) recruited from 10 urban and 7 rural schools in Mozambique. Moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sleep duration were measured by waist-worn Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers. Accelerometers were worn 24?h/day for up to 8 days. Recreational screen time was self-reported. Potential correlates of meeting 24-h movement guidelines were directly measured or obtained from validated items of context-adapted questionnaires. Multilevel multivariable logit models were used to determine the correlates of movement behaviours. Meeting 24-h movement guidelines was defined as ?60?min/day of MVPA, ?2?h/day of recreational screen time, and between 9 and 11?h/night of sleep. RESULTS:More rural (17.7%) than urban (3.6%) children met all three 24-h movement guidelines. Mean MVPA was lower (82.9?±?29.5?min/day) among urban than rural children (96.7?±?31.8?min/day). Rural children had longer sleep duration (8.9?±?0.7?h/night) and shorter recreational screen time (2.7?±?1.9?h/day) than their urban counterparts (8.7?±?0.9?h/night and 5.0?±?2.3?h/day respectively). Parental education (OR: 0.37; CI: 0.16-0.87), school location (OR: 0.21; CI: 0.09-0.52), and outdoor time (OR: 0.67; CI: 0.53-0.85) were significant correlates of meeting all three 24-h movement guidelines. CONCLUSIONS:Prevalence and correlates of meeting movement guidelines differed between urban and rural schoolchildren in Mozambique. On average, both groups had higher daily MVPA minutes, shorter sleep duration, and higher recreational screen time than the 24-h movement guidelines recommend. These findings (e.g., higher than recommended mean daily MVPA minutes) differ from those from high-income countries and highlight the need to sample from both urban and rural areas.

Project description:BackgroundModern contraceptive use among adolescents is low despite the adverse effects of adolescent pregnancies. Understanding correlates of modern contraceptive use in different settings is key to the design of effective context-specific interventions. We aimed to determine factors associated with modern contraceptives use among adolescents in rural and urban settings of Zambia.MethodsWe analyzed secondary data from 2018 Zambia demographic and health survey (ZDHS) focusing on adolescent girls aged 15-19 years. We used multivariable logistic regression in SPSS version 25 to examine rural-urban variations in factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization.ResultsOverall, 12.0% (360/3000, 95% CI: 10.9-13.2) of adolescents in Zambia were using modern contraceptives. Use of modern contraceptives was higher in rural areas at 13.7% (230/1677, 95% CI: 12.1-15.3) compared to 9.8% (130/1323, 95% CI: 8.3-11.6) in urban areas. In the rural areas, having a child (aOR = 13.99; 95% CI 8.60-22.77), being married (aOR = 2.13; 95% CI 1.42-3.18), being older at 19 years (aOR = 3.90; 95% CI 1.52-10.03), having been visited by a field health worker (aOR = 1.62; 95% CI 1.01-2.64), having been exposed to family planning messages on mass media (aOR = 2.87; 95% CI 1.01-8.18) and belonging to the richest wealth quintile (aOR = 2.27; 95% CI 1.43-3.62) were associated with higher odds of contraceptive utilization. Furthermore, adolescents in the Northern (aOR = 0.29; 95% CI 0.11-0.80) and Luapula (aOR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.15-0.81) provinces were associated with less odds of utilizing contraceptives compared to those in Western province. In the urban areas, older age at 19 years (aOR = 4.80; 95% CI 1.55-14.84) and having a child (aOR = 18.52; 95% CI 9.50-36.14) were the only factors significantly associated with modern contraceptive utilization.ConclusionAge and having a child were associated with modern contraceptive use in both rural and urban areas. In rural areas (province, marital status, being visited by field health workers, family planning messages exposure and wealth index) were the only associated factors. This indicates that interventions aiming to increase contraceptive utilization should be context specific.

Project description:ObjectivesWe aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of QT interval prolongation in rural Uganda.BackgroundMajor electrocardiographic abnormalities, including prolonged QT interval, have been shown to be independently predictive of adverse cardiovascular events among Western populations. Cardiovascular diseases are on the rise in sub-Saharan Africa with poorly characterized context-specific risk factors. An important question is whether ECG screening might have value in cardiovascular disease risk stratification in SSA.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey in a sample of adults participating in an ongoing whole-population cohort in Mbarara, Uganda, in 2015. Of 1,814 subjects enrolled in the parent whole-population cohort, 856 (47%) participated in the study. Participants completed 12-lead electrocardiography and cardiovascular disease risk factors assessment. We summarized sex-specific, heart rate variation-adjusted QT (QTa) defining prolonged QTa as >460 ms in women and >450 ms in men. We fit linear and logistic regression models to estimate correlates of (continuous) QTa interval length and (dichotomous) prolonged QTa. Models included inverse probability of sampling weights to generate population-level estimates accounting for study nonparticipation.ResultsWe assessed data from 828 participants with electrocardiograms. The weighted population mean age was 38.4 years (95% confidence interval: 36.3-40.4). The weighted population was 50.4% female, 11.5% had elevated blood pressure, and 57.6% had a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein >1 mg/dl. The population mean QTa was 409.1 ms (95% confidence interval: 405.1-413.1), and 10.3% (95% confidence interval: 7.8-13.5) met criteria for prolonged QTa. Women had a higher mean QTa (421.6 ms vs. 396.3 ms; p < 0.001), and a higher proportion of women had a prolonged QTa (14.0% vs. 9.3%; p = 0.122) than did men. In multivariable-adjusted regression models, female sex and hypertension correlated with higher mean QTa and meeting criteria for prolonged QTa, respectively.ConclusionsQT interval prolongation is highly prevalent in rural Uganda and may be more common than in high-income settings. Female sex, age, and high blood pressure correlated with QT interval prolongation. Future work should assess whether genetic predisposition or environmental factors in sub-Saharan African populations contribute to prolonged QT and clarify consequences.

Dataset Information

Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Activity Among Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study of a Rural City in Japan.

Publications

Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Activity Among Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study of a Rural City in Japan.

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