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Molecular characterization of the 2018 outbreak of lumpy skin disease in cattle in Upper Egypt.

ABSTRACT: Background and Aim:Lumpy skin disease (LSD), an infectious disease of cattle, is characterized by raised nodules on the skin. Although the morbidity rate of LSD is low, it has a considerable fatality rate. Despite the annual mass vaccination of livestock with sheep pox vaccine (Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Egypt) enforced by Egyptian authorities, the LSD virus (LSDV) continues to circulate almost every summer. The present study aimed to discover the cause of cows naturally infected with LSDV circulating in Upper Egypt during the summer of 2018 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and to analyze their phylogenetics against reference genome sequences. Materials and Methods:We cultured LSDV in specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs (SPF-ECE) and used conventional PCR to identify fusion and P32 genes, previously deposited in GenBank (MN694826, MN694827, and MN954664). Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed on these two highly conserved viral genes. Results:LSDV infection of SPF-ECE resulted in characteristic white pock lesions. PCR products were identified on 1.5% agarose gel after electrophoresis at the expected positions for the fusion and P32 genes at 472 and 587 bp, respectively. Conclusion:The present study revealed that the two viral genes were identified from the Beni Suef and Sohag Governorates in all clinical cases and confirmed the circulation of LSDV in this outbreak. After sequencing, these genes were identical to those of the LSDV that had been identified and recorded in GenBank for the past 3 years.

SUBMITTER: Allam AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7429391 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Molecular characterization of the 2018 outbreak of lumpy skin disease in cattle in Upper Egypt.

Allam Ahmad M AM Elbayoumy Mohamed Karam MK Abdel-Rahman Eman H EH Hegazi Ahmed G AG Farag Tarek Korany TK

Veterinary world 20200704 7

<h4>Background and aim</h4>Lumpy skin disease (LSD), an infectious disease of cattle, is characterized by raised nodules on the skin. Although the morbidity rate of LSD is low, it has a considerable fatality rate. Despite the annual mass vaccination of livestock with sheep pox vaccine (Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Egypt) enforced by Egyptian authorities, the LSD virus (LSDV) continues to circulate almost every summer. The present study aimed to discover the cause of cows natu ...[more]

PMID: 32848299

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Project description:BackgroundLumpy skin disease (LSD) is an important viral disease causing significant economic losses in commercial livestock production. In mid-2019, an outbreak of LSD has been reported in cattle population from different parts of Bangladesh including Chattogram division. A cross-sectional surveillance study was undertaken from August 2019 to December 2019 to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of LSD in cattle in Chattogram district.MethodsA total of 3,327 cattle from 19 commercial farms were examined for the LSD specific skin lesions and associated risk factors. A total of 120 skin biopsies were collected from the suspected animal for the confirmation of the disease using molecular detection and histopathological examination. Partial genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed on selected viral isolates.ResultsThe overall clinical prevalence of LSD in the study population was 10% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.4%-11%) where the highest farm level outbreak frequency was 63.33% (95% CI: 45.51%-78.13%) and the lowest 4.22% (95% CI: 3.39%-5.25%). Crossbred and female cattle showed a significantly higher prevalence of the disease compared to their counterparts. Introduction of new animals in farms was found to be one of the most significant risk factors in the transmission of the disease. All suspected skin biopsies were positive for LSD virus (LSDV) infection with granulomatous and pyogranulomatous dermatitis was revealed on histopathology. Phylogenetic analysis based on the inverted terminal repeat region of the LSDV gene suggested that the locally circulating strain was closely related to the strains isolated from the Middle East and North African countries.ConclusionsThe data generated in this study would be beneficial to the field veterinarians and animal health decision makers in the country as well as it will aid in taking appropriate measures to prevent further relapse or outbreak of this disease in future.

Project description:BackgroundLumpy skin disease (LSD) is endemic in Egypt despite the Egyptian authorities' annual mass vaccination of cattle with sheeppox vaccine (Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Egypt), and the LSD virus (LSDV) continues to thrive practically every summer. The disease has a huge economic impact on the trade of the animal and its by-product.AimThis paper study the molecular characterization of LSDV strains that have been circulating in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, for three successive years (2018, 2019, and 2020).MethodsA total of 61 specimens (26 skin nodules and 35 oculonasal swabs) were collected from a clinic in the hospital of veterinary medicine, Zagazig University, during the summer months (July, August, and September) of three outbreaks in 2018, 2019, and 2020. These were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on the open reading frame 103 (ORF103) gene to confirm the suspected cases and determine the degree of homology between the three different outbreaks during three successive years between each other and between the derived sequences of GenBank.ResultsCattle is thought to be infected with LSDV due to the presence of scattered local or diffuse circumscribed skin nodules along with fever and lymph node enlargement and sometimes leg edema. The PCR approach proved rapid, sensitive, and specific for the detection of LSDV and confirmative diagnosis of the disease. Forty-six were detected to be positive by PCR (75.4%). The seven sequenced samples were translated to amino acid and registered in GenBank under accession number MW357655-MW357661. A single nucleotide mutation and amino acid variation were observed at positions 161 C (2020)/T (2018&2019) and consequently, a change in the amino acid at position 54 P (2020)/L (2018&2019) between the outbreak in 2020 and those in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The field LSDV isolates from Egypt cattle were more closely related to other LSDV sequences from Africa (Kenya), Asia, Europe, and the United States.These findings highlight the necessity of ongoing surveillance and characterization of circulating strains and the need to improve procedures for distinguishing vaccine strains from field viruses.

Dataset Information

Molecular characterization of the 2018 outbreak of lumpy skin disease in cattle in Upper Egypt.

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Molecular characterization of the 2018 outbreak of lumpy skin disease in cattle in Upper Egypt.

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