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Physical Activity across Retirement Transition by Occupation and Mode of Commute.

ABSTRACT: PURPOSE:Retirement induces changes in the composition of daily physical activity. Our aim was to examine changes in accelerometer-measured physical activity around transition to statutory retirement among men and women by occupational category and by pre-retirement modes of commuting. METHODS:We included 562 workers (mean age 63.3 years, SD 1.1, 85% women) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging (FIREA) study. The participants wore an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for one week before and one week after retirement, with one year between the measurements. We compared mean daily activity counts before and after retirement between manual and non-manual occupations by gender and by pre-retirement commuting mode using linear models with generalized estimating equations. RESULTS:Before retirement, women were more active than men (2550; 95% CI 2500-2590 vs. 2060; 1970-2140 mean daily activity counts), the most active group being women in manual occupations. After retirement, physical activity decreased by 3.9% among women and increased, albeit non-significantly, by 3.1% in men. The decrease was most pronounced among women in manual and increase among men in non-manual occupations. After retirement, women remained more active than men (2450; 95% CI 2390-2500 vs. 2120; 2010-2230 counts). Active commuting, especially cycling, before retirement was associated with higher physical activity both before and after retirement, and these people also maintained their total activity lever better than those who commuted by public transportation. CONCLUSION:Although women in manual occupations decreased and men in non-manual occupations increased their activity after retirement, women were more active than men both before and after retirement. Those who engaged in active commuting before retirement maintained their activity level also after retirement.

SUBMITTER: Pulakka A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7431137 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Physical Activity across Retirement Transition by Occupation and Mode of Commute.

Pulakka Anna A Leskinen Tuija T Suorsa Kristin K Pentti Jaana J Halonen Jaana I JI Vahtera Jussi J Stenholm Sari S

Medicine and science in sports and exercise 20200901 9

<h4>Purpose</h4>Retirement induces changes in the composition of daily physical activity. Our aim was to examine changes in accelerometer-measured physical activity around transition to statutory retirement among men and women by occupational category and by preretirement modes of commuting.<h4>Methods</h4>We included 562 workers (mean [SD] age, 63.3 [1.1] yr; 85% women) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study. The participants wore an accelerometer on their nondominant wrist for 1 wk before ...[more]

PMID: 32150014

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Project description:Existing evidence about the impact of retirement on physical activity (PA) has primarily focused on the average change in PA level after retirement in group-based studies. It is unclear whether findings regarding the direction of PA change after retirement from group-based studies apply to individuals. This study aimed to explore changes in PA, PA determinants and their inter-relationships during the retirement transition at the individual level.A series of n-of-1 natural experiments were conducted with seven individuals who were aged 55-76 years and approaching retirement. PA was measured by tri-axial accelerometry. Twice-daily self-report and ecological momentary assessments of evidence- and theory-based determinants of PA (e.g. sleep length/quality, happiness, tiredness, stress, time pressure, pain, intention, perceived behavioural control, priority, goal conflict and goal facilitation) were collected via a questionnaire for a period of between 3 and 7 months, which included time before and after the participant's retirement date. A personalised PA determinant was also identified by each participant and measured daily for the duration of the study. Dynamic regression models for discrete time binary data were used to analyse data for each individual participant.Two participants showed a statistically significant increase in the probability of engaging in PA bouts after retirement and two participants showed a significant time trend for a decrease and increase in PA bouts over time during the pre- to post-retirement period, respectively. There was no statistically significant change in PA after retirement for the remaining participants. Most of the daily questionnaire variables were significantly associated with PA for one or more participants but there were no consistent pattern of PA predictors across participants. For some participants, the relationship between questionnaire variables and PA changed from pre- to post-retirement.The findings from this study demonstrate the impact of retirement on individual PA trajectories. Using n-of-1 methods can provide information about unique patterns and determinants of individual behaviour over time, which has been obscured in previous research. N-of-1 methods can be used as a tool to inform personalised PA interventions for individuals within the retirement transition.

Project description:OBJECTIVES:The health benefits of professional sport dissipate after retirement unless an active lifestyle is adopted, yet reasons for adopting an active or inactive lifestyle after retirement from sport are poorly understood. Elite cricket is all-encompassing, requiring a high volume of activity and unique physical demands. We aimed to identify influences on physical activity behaviours in active and insufficiently active former elite cricketers and provide practical strategies for promoting physical activity after cricket retirement. DESIGN:18 audio-recorded semistructured telephone interviews were performed. An inductive thematic approach was used and coding was iterative and data-driven facilitated by NVivo software. Themes were compared between sufficiently active and insufficiently active participants. SETTING:All participants formerly played professional cricket in the UK. PARTICIPANTS:Participants were male, mean age 57±11 (range 34-77) years, participated in professional cricket for 12±7 seasons and retired on average 23±9 years previously. Ten participants (56%) were classified as sufficiently active according to the UK Physical Activity Guidelines (moderate-intensity activity ?150?min per week or vigorous-intensity activity ?75?min per week). Eight participants did not meet these guidelines and were classified as insufficiently active. RESULTS:Key physical activity influences were time constraints, habit formation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, physical activity preferences, pain/physical impairment and cricket coaching. Recommendations for optimising physical activity across the lifespan after cricket retirement included; prioritise physical activity, establish a physical activity plan prior to cricket retirement and don't take a break from physical activity, evaluate sources of physical activity motivation and incorporate into a physical activity plan, find multiple forms of satisfying physical activity that can be adapted to accommodate fluctuations in physical capabilities across the lifespan and coach cricket. CONCLUSIONS:Physically active and less active retired cricketers shared contrasting attributes that informed recommendations for promoting a sustainable, physically active lifestyle after retirement from professional cricket.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Prospective data are sparse for active commuting to work and body weight in Asia. We assessed the association of 5-year changes in commuting mode with body mass index (BMI) and the indicators of abdominal obesity in Japanese working adults. METHODS:In this longitudinal study, we studied 29,758 participants (25,808 men and 3950 women) in Japan aged 30 to 64?years at baseline who underwent further health examination 5?years after the baseline examination. Changes in BMI were calculated from objectively measured body height and weight at baseline and follow-up examination. Visceral and subcutaneous fat areas and waist circumference measured by computed tomography scans were used as indicators for abdominal adiposity. Linear regression was applied to estimate the association of changes in commuting mode with the obesity outcomes. RESULTS:Within the 5-year study period, adults who maintained inactive commuting gained weight, and compared with this group, adults who switched to inactive commuting had higher weight gain; conversely, adults who switched to active or public transportation commuting and especially those who maintained active or public transportation commuting experienced less weight gain. Subgroup analysis showed similar tendency across the different transitions of leisure-time exercise or occupational physical activity. For example, among adults who maintained no exercise (n?=?16,087), the adjusted mean (95% confidence intervals) of the BMI change over 5?years in kg/m2 were 0.27 (0.24 to 0.30) for maintained inactive commuting group (reference), 0.34 (0.30 to 0.38) for switching to inactive commuting group (P?=?0.046), 0.20 (0.18 to 0.22) for switching to active commuting or public transportation group (P?=?0.001), and 0.09 (0.06 to 0.13) for maintained active commuting or public transportation group (P?<?0.001). Maintained inactive commuting tended to be associated with larger gain in abdominal adiposity indicators. CONCLUSION:Switching from inactive commuting mode to more physically active commuting mode and maintaining active commuting can promote body weight control among working adults across different levels of occupational or leisure-time physical activity.

Dataset Information

Physical Activity across Retirement Transition by Occupation and Mode of Commute.

Publications

Physical Activity across Retirement Transition by Occupation and Mode of Commute.

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