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Casein Ingestion Does Not Increase Muscle Connective Tissue Protein Synthesis Rates.

ABSTRACT: PURPOSE:To assess the impact of dietary protein ingestion on intramuscular connective tissue protein synthesis rates during overnight recovery from a single bout of resistance exercise. METHODS:Thirty-six healthy, young males were randomly assigned to one of three treatments. One group ingested 30 g intrinsically L-[1-C]-phenylalanine-labeled casein protein prior to sleep (PRO, n=12). The other two groups performed a bout of resistance exercise in the evening and ingested either a placebo (EX, n=12) or 30 g intrinsically L-[1-C]-phenylalanine-labeled casein protein prior to sleep (EX+PRO, n=12). Continuous intravenous infusions of L-[ring-H5]-phenylalanine and L-[1-C]-leucine were applied and blood and muscle tissue samples were collected to assess connective tissue protein synthesis rates and dietary protein-derived amino acid incorporation in the connective tissue protein fraction. RESULTS:Resistance exercise resulted in higher connective tissue protein synthesis rates when compared to rest (0.086±0.017 (EX) and 0.080±0.019 (EX+PRO) vs 0.059±0.016 (PRO) %·h; P<0.05). Post-exercise casein protein ingestion did not result in higher connective tissue protein synthesis rates when compared to post-exercise placebo ingestion (P=1.00). Dietary protein-derived amino acids were incorporated into the connective tissue protein fraction at rest, and to a greater extent during recovery from exercise (P=0.002). CONCLUSION:Resistance exercise increases intramuscular connective tissue protein synthesis rates during overnight sleep, with no further impact of post-exercise protein ingestion. However, dietary protein-derived amino acids are being utilized as precursors to support de novo connective tissue protein synthesis.

SUBMITTER: Trommelen J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7431152 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Casein Ingestion Does Not Increase Muscle Connective Tissue Protein Synthesis Rates.

Trommelen Jorn J Holwerda Andrew M AM Senden Joan M JM Goessens Joy P B JPB VAN Kranenburg Janneau J Gijsen Annemie P AP Verdijk Lex B LB VAN Loon Luc J C LJC

Medicine and science in sports and exercise 20200901 9

<h4>Purpose</h4>This study aimed to assess the effect of dietary protein ingestion on intramuscular connective tissue protein synthesis rates during overnight recovery from a single bout of resistance exercise.<h4>Methods</h4>Thirty-six healthy, young males were randomly assigned to one of three treatments. One group ingested 30 g intrinsically L-[1-C]-phenylalanine-labeled casein protein before sleep (PRO, n = 12). The other two groups performed a bout of resistance exercise in the evening and ...[more]

PMID: 32195768

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Project description:Factors underpinning the time-course of resistance-type exercise training (RET) adaptations are not fully understood. This study hypothesized that consuming a twice-daily protein-polyphenol beverage (PPB; n = 15; age, 24 ± 1 yr; BMI, 22.3 ± 0.7 kg·m-2) previously shown to accelerate recovery from muscle damage and increase daily myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates would accelerate early (10 sessions) improvements in muscle function and potentiate quadriceps volume and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) following 30 unilateral RET sessions in healthy, recreationally active, adults. Versus isocaloric placebo (PLA; n = 14; age, 25 ± 2 yr; BMI, 23.9 ± 1.0 kg·m-2), PPB increased 48 h MyoPS rates after the first RET session measured using deuterated water (2.01 ± 0.15 vs. 1.51 ± 0.16%·day-1, respectively; P < 0.05). In addition, PPB increased isokinetic muscle function over 10 sessions of training relative to the untrained control leg (%U) from 99.9 ± 1.8 pretraining to 107.2 ± 2.4%U at session 10 (vs. 102.6 ± 3.9 to 100.8 ± 2.4%U at session 10 in PLA; interaction P < 0.05). Pre to posttraining, PPB increased type II fCSA (PLA: 120.8 ± 8.2 to 109.5 ± 8.6%U; PPB: 92.8 ± 6.2 to 108.4 ± 9.7%U; interaction P < 0.05), but the gain in quadriceps muscle volume was similar between groups. Similarly, PPB did not further increase peak isometric torque, muscle function, or MyoPS measured posttraining. This suggests that although PPB increases MyoPS and early adaptation, it may not influence longer term adaptations to unilateral RET.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a unilateral model of resistance training, we show for the first time that a protein-polyphenol beverage increases initial rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis and promotes early functional improvements. Following a prolonged period of training, this strategy also increases type II fiber hypertrophy and causes large individual variation in gains in quadricep muscle cross-sectional area.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Whey and micellar casein are high-quality dairy proteins that can stimulate postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates. How whey and casein compare with milk protein in their capacity to stimulate postprandial myofibrillar (MyoPS) and mitochondrial (MitoPS) protein synthesis rates during postexercise recovery is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to compare postprandial MyoPS and MitoPS rates after protein-carbohydrate co-ingestion with milk protein, whey, or micellar casein during recovery from a single bout of concurrent resistance- and endurance-type exercise in young healthy men. METHODS:In a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group design, 48 healthy, young, recreationally active men (mean ± SEM age: 23 ± 0.3 y) received a primed continuous infusion of L-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine and L-[ring-3,5-2H2]-tyrosine and ingested 45 g carbohydrate with 0 g protein (CHO), 20 g milk protein (MILK), 20 g whey protein (WHEY), or 20 g micellar casein protein (CASEIN) after a sequential bout of resistance- and endurance-type exercise (i.e., concurrent exercise). Blood and muscle biopsies were collected over 360 min during recovery from exercise to assess MyoPS and MitoPS rates and signaling through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). RESULTS:Despite temporal differences in postprandial plasma leucine concentrations between treatments (P < 0.001), MyoPS rates over 360 min of recovery did not differ between treatments (CHO: 0.049% ± 0.003%/h; MILK: 0.059% ± 0.003%/h; WHEY: 0.054% ± 0.002%/h; CASEIN: 0.059% ± 0.005%/h; P = 0.11). When MILK, WHEY, and CASEIN were pooled into a single group (PROTEIN), protein co-ingestion resulted in greater MyoPS rates compared with CHO (PROTEIN: 0.057% ± 0.002%/h; CHO: 0.049% ± 0.003%/h; P = 0.04). MitoPS rates and signaling through the mTORC1 pathway were similar between treatments. CONCLUSION:MyoPS and MitoPS rates do not differ after co-ingestion of either milk protein, whey protein, or micellar casein protein with carbohydrate during recovery from a single bout of concurrent resistance- and endurance-type exercise in recreationally active young men. Co-ingestion of protein with carbohydrate results in greater MyoPS, but not MitoPS rates, when compared with the ingestion of carbohydrate only during recovery from concurrent exercise. This trial was registered at Nederlands Trial Register: NTR5098.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Protein ingestion increases muscle protein synthesis rates. However, limited data are currently available on the effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) and branched-chain ketoacid (BCKA) ingestion on postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to compare the impact of ingesting 6 g BCAA, 6 g BCKA, and 30 g milk protein (MILK) on the postprandial rise in circulating amino acid concentrations and subsequent myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in older males. METHODS:In a parallel design, 45 older males (age: 71 ± 1 y; BMI: 25.4 ± 0.8 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to ingest a drink containing 6 g BCAA, 6 g BCKA, or 30 g MILK. Basal and postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were assessed by primed continuous l-[ring-13C6]phenylalanine infusions with the collection of blood samples and muscle biopsies. RESULTS:Plasma BCAA concentrations increased following test drink ingestion in all groups, with greater increases in the BCAA and MILK groups compared with the BCKA group (P < 0.05). Plasma BCKA concentrations increased following test drink ingestion in all groups, with greater increases in the BCKA group compared with the BCAA and MILK groups (P < 0.05). Ingestion of MILK, BCAA, and BCKA significantly increased early myofibrillar protein synthesis rates (0-2 h) above basal rates (from 0.020 ± 0.002%/h to 0.042 ± 0.004%/h, 0.022 ± 0.002%/h to 0.044 ± 0.004%/h, and 0.023 ± 0.003%/h to 0.044 ± 0.004%/h, respectively; P < 0.001), with no differences between groups (P > 0.05). Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during the late postprandial phase (2-5 h) remained elevated in the MILK group (0.039 ± 0.004%/h; P < 0.001), but returned to baseline values following BCAA and BCKA ingestion (0.024 ± 0.005%/h and 0.024 ± 0.005%/h, respectively; P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Ingestion of 6 g BCAA, 6 g BCKA, and 30 g MILK increases myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during the early postprandial phase (0-2 h) in vivo in healthy older males. The postprandial increase following the ingestion of 6 g BCAA and BCKA is short-lived, with higher myofibrillar protein synthesis rates only being maintained following the ingestion of an equivalent amount of intact milk protein. This trial was registered at Nederlands Trial Register (www.trialregister.nl) as NTR6047.

Project description:Key pointsProtein ingestion and cooling are strategies employed by athletes to improve postexercise recovery and, as such, to facilitate muscle conditioning. However, whether cooling affects postprandial protein handling and subsequent muscle protein synthesis rates during recovery from exercise has not been assessed. We investigated the effect of postexercise cooling on the incorporation of dietary protein-derived amino acids into muscle protein and acute postprandial (hourly) as well as prolonged (daily) myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during recovery from resistance-type exercise over 2 weeks. Cold-water immersion during recovery from resistance-type exercise lowers the capacity of the muscle to take up and/or direct dietary protein-derived amino acids towards de novo myofibrillar protein accretion. In addition, cold-water immersion during recovery from resistance-type exercise lowers myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during prolonged resistance-type exercise training. Individuals aiming to improve skeletal muscle conditioning should reconsider applying cooling as a part of their postexercise recovery strategy.AbstractWe measured the impact of postexercise cooling on acute postprandial (hourly) as well as prolonged (daily) myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during adaptation to resistance-type exercise over 2 weeks. Twelve healthy males (aged 21 ± 2 years) performed a single resistance-type exercise session followed by water immersion of both legs for 20 min. One leg was immersed in cold water (8°C: CWI), whereas the other leg was immersed in thermoneutral water (30°C: CON). After water immersion, a beverage was ingested containing 20 g of intrinsically (l-[1-13 C]-phenylalanine and l-[1-13 C]-leucine) labelled milk protein with 45 g of carbohydrates. In addition, primed continuous l-[ring-2 H5 ]-phenylalanine and l-[1-13 C]-leucine infusions were applied, with frequent collection of blood and muscle samples to assess myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in vivo over a 5 h recovery period. In addition, deuterated water (2 H2 O) was applied with the collection of saliva, blood and muscle biopsies over 2 weeks to assess the effects of postexercise cooling with protein intake on myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during more prolonged resistance-type exercise training (thereby reflecting short-term training adaptation). Incorporation of dietary protein-derived l-[1-13 C]-phenylalanine into myofibrillar protein was significantly lower in CWI compared to CON (0.016 ± 0.006 vs. 0.021 ± 0.007 MPE; P = 0.016). Postexercise myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were lower in CWI compared to CON based upon l-[1-13 C]-leucine (0.058 ± 0.011 vs. 0.072 ± 0.017% h-1 , respectively; P = 0.024) and l-[ring-2 H5 ]-phenylalanine (0.042 ± 0.009 vs. 0.053 ± 0.013% h-1 , respectively; P = 0.025). Daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates assessed over 2 weeks were significantly lower in CWI compared to CON (1.48 ± 0.17 vs. 1.67 ± 0.36% day-1 , respectively; P = 0.042). Cold-water immersion during recovery from resistance-type exercise reduces myofibrillar protein synthesis rates and, as such, probably impairs muscle conditioning.

Dataset Information

Casein Ingestion Does Not Increase Muscle Connective Tissue Protein Synthesis Rates.

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Casein Ingestion Does Not Increase Muscle Connective Tissue Protein Synthesis Rates.

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