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Epigenetic Regulation of Verticillium dahliae Virulence: Does DNA Methylation Level Play A Role?

ABSTRACT: Verticillium dahliae is the etiological agent of Verticillium wilt of olive. The virulence of Defoliating V. dahliae isolates usually displays differences and high plasticity. This work studied whether an epigenetic mechanism was involved in this plasticity. An inverse correlation between virulence and DNA methylation of protein-coding genes was found. A set of 831 genes was selected for their highly consistent inverse methylation profile and virulence in the five studied isolates. Of these genes, ATP-synthesis was highly represented, which indicates that the more virulent D isolates are, the more energy requirements they may have. Furthermore, there were numerous genes in the protein biosynthesis process: genes coding for the chromatin structure, which suggests that epigenetic changes may also affect chromatin condensation; many transmembrane transporter genes, which is consistent with denser compounds, traffic through membranes in more virulent isolates; a fucose-specific lectin that may play a role in the attachment to plant cell walls during the host infection process; and pathogenic cutinases that facilitate plant invasion and sporulation genes for rapid spreading alongside plants. Our findings support the notion that differences in the virulence of the Defoliating V. dahliae isolates may be controlled, at least to some extent, by an epigenetic mechanism.

SUBMITTER: Ramirez-Tejero JA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7432615 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Epigenetic Regulation of Verticillium dahliae Virulence: Does DNA Methylation Level Play A Role?

Ramírez-Tejero Jorge A JA Cabanás Carmen Gómez-Lama CG Valverde-Corredor Antonio A Mercado-Blanco Jesús J Luque Francisco F

International journal of molecular sciences 20200722 15

Verticillium dahliae is the etiological agent of Verticillium wilt of olive. The virulence of Defoliating V. dahliae isolates usually displays differences and high plasticity. This work studied whether an epigenetic mechanism was involved in this plasticity. An inverse correlation between virulence and DNA methylation of protein-coding genes was found. A set of 831 genes was selected for their highly consistent inverse methylation profile and virulence in the five studied isolates. ...[more]

PMID: 32707958

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Project description:IntroductionVerticillium dahliae, a soil-borne fungal pathogen, can cause cotton Verticillium wilt. In this study, VdP5CDH, the member of the ALDH_F4-17 family of carboxylate dehydrogenases, was identified in the genome of V. dahliae and investigated function in regulating virulence by generating gene deletion mutants and complementary mutants.MethodsHomologous recombination method was used to construct mutants, transcriptome sequencing revealed gene-related metabolic pathways, and disease degree of cotton was observed through pathogen infection experiments.ResultsThe conidial surface of VdP5CDH deletion strains was dented and shriveled, and the number of conidial spores increased. Compared with the wild-type (WT), the mycelial diameter of deletion mutants increased by 10.59%-11.16%, the mycelial growth showed irregular branching patterns, and misaligned arrangement. Although capable of penetrating cellophane, deletion mutants were unable to produce melanin. VdP5CDH was mainly associated with glucose metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, ABC transporter activity as well as various amino acid metabolic processes. After gene knockout, raffinose and pectin were used as the main carbon sources to promote the growth of strains and the growth rate of deletion strains in the medium containing raffinose was higher than that of WT. Consequently, the deletion mutant strains decreased utilization efficiency with which they utilized various nitrogen sources. The deletion mutants maintain responsiveness to osmotic stress and oxidative stress stimuli. Additionally, compared to WT strains, the deletion mutant strains exhibited differences in culture temperature tolerance, UV exposure response, and fungicide sensitivity. After cotton was infected with deletion strains conidial suspension, its disease index increased dramatically, while it gradually decreased after spraying with 2 mM glutamate in batches. With the increase of spraying times, the effect was more significant, and the disease index decreased by 18.95%-19.66% at 26 dpi.DiscussionThese results indicated that VdP5CDH regulates the pathogenicity of fungi and controls mycelia growth, melanin formation, conidia morphology, abiotic stress resistance, and the expression of infecting structure-related genes.

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Epigenetic Regulation of Verticillium dahliae Virulence: Does DNA Methylation Level Play A Role?

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Epigenetic Regulation of <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> Virulence: Does DNA Methylation Level Play A Role?

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