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Network dynamics of positive and negative affect in bipolar disorder.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The network approach to psychopathology has become increasingly popular. Little research has examined the dynamic network structure of mental disorders, and, to date, no study has investigated the network dynamics of positive affect, negative affect, and physical activity in bipolar disorder. This represents the first study to estimate the dynamic network structure of affect and physical activity in individuals with and without bipolar I disorder. METHODS:An intensive longitudinal design was used to assess positive affect, negative affect, and actigraphy-based estimates of physical activity. The overall sample consisted of 32 adults with bipolar I disorder and 36 healthy control participants. Eligible participants underwent an 8-week assessment period, in which once-per-day ratings of affect and actigraphy estimates were obtained. Participants were re-assessed on baseline measures afterwards. Dynamic network analysis was used to examine the network structure of affect and physical activity over time. Multilevel models were used to examine the relationship between autocorrelation and changes in depression symptoms among participants with bipolar disorder. LIMITATIONS:The network analyses assume stationarity. Future research should consider time-varying multilevel network models to better account for time trends. RESULTS:The results of the temporal networks indicated that the directed edges between positive and negative affect were mostly positive among individuals with bipolar I disorder. Among healthy control participants, the directed edges between positive and negative affect were mostly negative in direction. Physical activity, as assessed by daily actigraphy indices, was more densely connected in the healthy control network than the bipolar disorder network. Furthermore, the results indicated that critical slowing down predicted worsening of mood symptoms in the bipolar I disorder group. CONCLUSIONS:This study suggests that certain dynamic patterns of affect may be an underlying process that contributes to the maintenance of bipolar disorder. These results have both theoretical and practical implications.

SUBMITTER: Curtiss J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7438157 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Network dynamics of positive and negative affect in bipolar disorder.

Curtiss Joshua J Fulford Daniel D Hofmann Stefan G SG Gershon Anda A

Journal of affective disorders 20190207

<h4>Background</h4>The network approach to psychopathology has become increasingly popular. Little research has examined the dynamic network structure of mental disorders, and, to date, no study has investigated the network dynamics of positive affect, negative affect, and physical activity in bipolar disorder. This represents the first study to estimate the dynamic network structure of affect and physical activity in individuals with and without bipolar I disorder.<h4>Methods</h4>An intensive l ...[more]

PMID: 30784724

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Project description:Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by phasic changes of mood and can be associated with progressive structural brain change and cognitive decline. The numbers and sizes of glia and neurons are reduced in several brain areas, suggesting the involvement of apoptosis in the pathophysiology of BD. Because the changes in mitochondrial dynamics are closely related with the early process of apoptosis and the specific processes of apoptosis and mitochondrial dynamics in BD have not been fully elucidated, we measured the apoptotic pathway and the expression of mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins from BD patients and healthy controls. We recruited 16 patients with BD type I and sixteen well-matched healthy controls and investigated protein levels of several pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors, as well as the expression of mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Our results showed that the levels of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xL, survivin and Bcl-xL/Bak dimer were significantly decreased, while active caspase-3 protein levels were significantly increased in PBMCs from BD patients. Moreover, we observed the downregulation of the mitochondrial fusion-related proteins Mfn2 and Opa1 and the upregulation of the fission protein Fis1 in PBMCs from BD patients, both in terms of gene expression and protein levels. We also showed a significantly decrease in the citrate synthase activity. Finally, we found a positive correlation between Mfn2 and Opa1 with mitochondrial content markers, as well as a negative correlation between mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins and apoptotic markers. Overall, data reported here are consistent with the working hypothesis that apoptosis may contribute to cellular dysfunction, brain volume loss and progressive cognitive in BD. Moreover, we show an important relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and the cell death pathway activation in BD patients, supporting the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathophysiology of BD.

Dataset Information

Network dynamics of positive and negative affect in bipolar disorder.

Publications

Network dynamics of positive and negative affect in bipolar disorder.

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