Estradiol, Progesterone, Immunomodulation, and COVID-19 Outcomes.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Mauvais-Jarvis F
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7438701 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:To evaluate safety and clinical outcomes of extracorporeal immunomodulation treatment with a selective cytopheretic device (SCD) in COVID-19 ICU patients with multiple organ failure.DesignTwo-center, prospective, single-arm treatment clinical trial.SettingICUs at two academic medical centers between September 2020 and July 2021.PatientsTwenty-two COVID-10 patients in the ICU with acute respiratory distress syndrome who required mechanical ventilation. Nearly all included patients in the intervention group except one had acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Sixteen subjects meeting enrollment criteria were selected as contemporaneous controls from a concurrent prospective registry CRRT trial.InterventionTreatment with an SCD integrated into a continuous renal replacement extracorporeal blood circuit for up to 10 days to provide autologous leukocyte cell processing to immunomodulate the hyperinflammatory disease state of COVID-19.Measurements and main resultsSCD treatment in COVID-19 ICU patients with multiple organ failure demonstrated an acceptable safety profile with no device-related serious adverse events. Treatment of these patients resulted in the selective removal of highly activated circulating leukocytes as determined by flow cytometry. Significant reductions were observed in the elevated plasma levels of eight cytokines and biomarkers, including interleukin (IL)6, IL15, IL10, and soluble ST2, which are predictive of mortality in COVID-19 patients. Significant improvements of leukocytosis and Po2/Fio2 ratios occurred during treatment not observed in the control group. SCD-treated subjects had a reduction in 60-day mortality of 50% compared with 81% in the control cohort. The subjects who received greater than 96 hours of SCD treatment, per protocol, had a further reduction in mortality to 31% (p < 0.012).ConclusionsExtracorporeal immunomodulation therapy with an SCD demonstrated safety without any device-related serious adverse events. As a rescue therapy in COVID-19 ICU patients progressing to multiple organ failure despite maximal pharmacologic and organ support interventions, SCD treatment resulted in improved clinical outcomes. This autologous leukocyte cell processing technology may provide a new approach in the treatment of unremitting hyperinflammation of COVID-19.
| S-EPMC9126516 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionAs of November 2021, COVID-19 has killed more than 5 million people globally, including over 750 000 in the USA. Apart from corticosteroids, most available therapeutic options are at best marginally efficient in reducing disease severity and are extremely expensive. The systematic investigation of clinically approved drugs is a priority to determine what does mitigate disease severity. Oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) produce a state of anti-inflammatory immune responses and immune tolerance, and enhanced antibody production. The goal of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy of a short E2 and P4 therapy, in addition to standard of care (SOC), in mitigating disease severity in COVID-19 hospitalised patients.Methods and analysisPhase 2, randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled, single-centre trial. Patients hospitalised for confirmed COVID-19, with scores 3-5 on the 9-point WHO ordinal scale are randomised between two arms: (1) Oestradiol cypionate intramuscular (IM) and micronised progesterone oral (PO), in addition to SOC, and (2) placebo, in addition to SOC. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients improving to scores 1 or 2 on the WHO scale through day 28. Secondary outcomes include length of hospital stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, cause of death, readmission rates, change in inflammatory biomarkers between admission and occurrence of primary endpoint, and adverse events. Study sample size will be up to 120 participants. The trial is currently recruiting subjects.Ethics and disseminationThe sponsor of this study is the Center of Excellence in Sex-Based Biology & Medicine at Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Ethical approval was obtained from the Tulane institutional review board on 14 May 2021. The study was reviewed by the US Food and Drug Administration and granted Investigational New Drug #152 499. Results of the study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT04865029; Pre-results.
| S-EPMC8635865 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The current coronavirus pandemic is an ongoing global health crisis due to COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Although COVID-19 leads to little or mild flu-like symptoms in the majority of affected patients, the disease may cause severe, frequently lethal complications such as progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and organ failure driven by hyperinflammation and a cytokine storm syndrome. This situation causes various major challenges for gastroenterology. In the context of IBD, several key questions arise. For instance, it is an important question to understand whether patients with IBD (eg, due to intestinal ACE2 expression) might be particularly susceptible to COVID-19 and the cytokine release syndrome associated with lung injury and fatal outcomes. Another highly relevant question is how to deal with immunosuppression and immunomodulation during the current pandemic in patients with IBD and whether immunosuppression affects the progress of COVID-19. Here, the current understanding of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 is reviewed with special reference to immune cell activation. Moreover, the potential implications of these new insights for immunomodulation and biological therapy in IBD are discussed.
| S-EPMC7211083 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:To assess estradiol (E2) and progesterone levels during ovarian stimulation determined by third-generation (Gen III) and second-generation (Gen II) Elecsys® immunoassays. METHODS:E2 and progesterone concentrations were measured using Elecsys® Gen III and Gen II immunoassays, and progesterone concentrations on the day of ovulation triggering were determined by LC-MS/MS. This was a retrospective, non-interventional study conducted at European tertiary referral infertility clinics in women aged 18-45 years, with a body mass index 18-35 kg/m2, regular menses, and both ovaries. RESULTS:Serum samples were obtained from 230 women classified by oocyte retrieval as poor (33.0%; 0-3 oocytes), normal (40.9%; 4-15 oocytes), or high (26.1%;?>?15 oocytes) responders. E2 and progesterone levels increased during ovarian stimulation, with greatest increases observed in high responders. Elecsys® Gen III and Gen II assay results were highly correlated for E2 (Pearson's r?=?0.99) and progesterone (r?=?0.89); Gen III results were lower than Gen II for both E2 and progesterone. On the day of triggering, Gen III E2 and progesterone levels showed a difference of?-?15.0% and?-?27.9%, respectively. Progesterone levels (on day of triggering) measured by LC-MS/MS correlated better with Gen III (0.98) than Gen II (0.90). Mean relative differences for Gen III and Gen II assays versus LC-MS/MS were 14.6% and 62.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION:E2 and progesterone levels determined with Elecsys® Gen II and III assays were highly correlated; results were lower for Gen III versus Gen II. Differences observed for progesterone on the day of triggering may be clinically relevant.
| S-EPMC7431432 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of TX-001HR, a single-capsule 17β-estradiol-progesterone on sleep parameters in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms (VMS) using the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS)-Sleep scale questionnaire in the REPLENISH trial.MethodsIn the REPLENISH trial (NCT01942668), women were randomized to one of four doses of TX-001HR or placebo, and the 12-item MOS-Sleep questionnaire (secondary endpoint) was self-administered at baseline, week 12, and months 6 and 12. Changes from baseline in the MOS-Sleep total score and 7 subscale scores were analyzed for treatment groups versus placebo at all time points. Somnolence was also collected as an adverse event.ResultsWomen (mean age 55 y) were randomized to TX-001HR (estradiol/ progesterone [E2/P4] [mg/mg]) doses: 1/100 (n = 415), 0.5/100 (n = 424), 0.5/50 (n = 421), 0.25/50 (n = 424), or placebo (n = 151). TX-001HR significantly improved MOS-Sleep total score, Sleep Problems Index II subscale, and sleep disturbance subscale versus placebo at all time points, except with 0.25 mg E2/50 mg P4 at week 12. Differences in LS mean changes between TX-001HR and placebo for MOS-Sleep total scores ranged from -6.5 to -7.6 at 12 months (all; P ≤ 0.001). All doses of TX-001HR significantly improved the Sleep Problems Index I subscale at all time points. The sleep somnolence subscale significantly improved from baseline with 0.5 mg E2/100 mg P4 and 0.5 mg E2/50 mg P4 at month 12. The incidence of somnolence as a treatment-emergent adverse event ranged from 0.2% to 1.2% versus 0% with placebo.ConclusionTX-001HR significantly improved MOS-Sleep parameters from baseline to week 12, which was sustained for up to 12 months, and was associated with a very low incidence of somnolence.
| S-EPMC6553506 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The century-old tuberculosis vaccine BCG has been the focus of renewed interest due to its well-documented ability to protect against various non-TB pathogens. Much of these broad spectrum protective effects are attributed to trained immunity, the epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells. As BCG vaccine is safe, cheap, widely available, amendable to use as a recombinant vector, and immunogenic, it has immense potential for use as an immunotherapeutic agent for various conditions including autoimmune, allergic, neurodegenerative, and neoplastic diseases as well as a preventive measure against infectious agents. Of particular interest is the use of BCG vaccination to counteract the increasing prevalence of autoimmune and allergic conditions in industrialized countries attributable to reduced infectious burden as described by the 'hygiene hypothesis.' Furthermore, BCG vaccination has been proposed as a potential therapy to mitigate spread and disease burden of COVID-19 as a bridge to development of a specific vaccine and recombinant BCG expression vectors may prove useful for the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 antigens (rBCG-SARS-CoV-2) to induce long-term immunity. Understanding the immunomodulatory effects of BCG vaccine in these disease contexts is therefore critical. To that end, we review here BCG-induced immunomodulation focusing specifically on BCG-induced trained immunity and how it relates to the 'hygiene hypothesis' and COVID-19.
| S-EPMC7833102 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesAmong postmenopausal women taking hormone therapy (HT), the estradiol (E2) dose and E2 levels were differentially associated with change in metabolic measures. We evaluated determinants of attained E2 levels in response to HT.MethodsPostmenopausal women from the REPLENISH trial tested four formulations of oral combined E2 and progesterone compared with placebo. Mixed-effects linear models assessed characteristics associated with E2 levels among women with ≥80% HT compliance, adjusted for E2 dose and baseline E2 level.ResultsAmong 1173 postmenopausal women with mean (standard deviation) age 55 (4.3) years and 5.2 (4.8) years since menopause, higher treated E2 levels were significantly related to younger age, more recent menopause, and current alcohol use, while lower E2 levels were related to current smoking. Both age and time since menopause were significantly inversely associated with E2 levels; time since menopause had a stronger association with E2 levels. In the final multivariable model, E2 levels were positively associated with current alcohol use, and inversely associated with time since menopause and current smoking.ConclusionAdjusting for E2 dose and baseline E2 level, on-trial E2 levels were significantly associated with time since menopause, current smoking, and current alcohol use. Practitioners should consider these factors in individual women to achieve a desirable E2 level during HT.
| S-EPMC7920923 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-BSST563 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectiveTo determine differences in plasma sex hormone levels in male and female coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and healthy volunteers (HVs) because cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 occurs via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor which is downregulated by 17β-estradiol.Patients and methodsCitrated plasma samples were collected from 101 patients with COVID-19 upon presentation to the emergency department and from 40 HVs between November 1, 2020, and May 30, 2021. Plasma 17β-estradiol and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pg/mL). Data are presented as median and quartiles (IQR). Wilcoxon rank sum test with a P value less than .05 was considered significant.ResultsPatients with COVID-19 (median age, 49 years) included 51 males and 50 females (25 postmenopausal). Hospital admission was required for 58.8% of male patients (n = 30) and 48.0% of female patients (n = 24) (66.7% postmenopausal, n = 16) Healthy volunteers (median age, 41 years) included 20 males and 20 females (9 postmenopausal). Female patients with COVID-19 were found to have decreased 17β-estradiol levels (18.5 [IQR, 10.5-32.3] pg/mL; 41.4 [IQR, 15.5-111.0] pg/mL, P=.025), and lower 17β-estradiol to DHT ratios (0.073 [IQR, 0.052-0.159] pg/mL; 0.207 [IQR, 0.104-0.538] pg/mL, P=.015) than female HVs. Male patients with COVID-19 were found to have decreased DHT levels (302.8 [IQR, 249.9-470.8] pg/mL; 457.2 [IQR, 368.7-844.3] pg/mL, P=.005), compared with male HVs. Levels of DHT did not differ between female patients with COVID-19 and female HVs, whereas 17β-estradiol levels did not differ between male patients with COVID-19 and male HVs.ConclusionSex hormone levels differ between patients with COVID-19 and HVs, with sex-specific patterns of hypogonadism in males and females. These alterations may be associated with disease development and severity.
| S-EPMC9842620 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals a shift from focused IFN alpha-driven signals in COVID-19 ICU patients who survive to broad pro-inflammatory responses in fatal COVID-19 – a feature not observed in severe influenza. We conclude that fatal COVID-19 infection is driven by uncoordinated inflammatory responses that drive a hierarchy of T cell activation, elements of which can serve as prognostic indicators and potential targets for immune intervention.
2021-06-18 | GSE178404 | GEO