The Dynamic Relationship Between Asthma and Obesity in Schoolchildren.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zhang Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7443205 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundPrior studies suggest that obesity may cause asthma. Obesity and asthma are prevalent in low-income urban neighborhoods, but the impact of obesity on asthma in such neighborhoods has not been examined.MethodsThe New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene surveyed 6119 adults age 18-54 years in 2002. Obesity was defined as body mass index > or = 30 kg/m(2) and current asthma as physician diagnosed asthma plus recent symptoms. We calculated prevalence (risk) differences (RD) and population attributable risk percents (PAR%).ResultsObese individuals had a 2.0% (95% CI: 0.5%, 3.6%; p=0.01) higher risk of current asthma than normal weight individuals overall. Obesity was more common in low-income neighborhoods compared with middle-to-upper-income neighborhoods (23% vs. 14%, p<0.001), as was current asthma (6% vs. 4%, respectively, p=0.02). The risk of current asthma associated with obesity was similar in low-income (RD: 1.3%, 95% CI: -1.5%, 4.0%; p=0.36) and middle-to-upper-income neighborhoods (RD: 2.0%, 95% CI: 0.1%, 3.9%; p=0.04). The PAR% for asthma due to obesity was not greater in low-income (7.3%) than in middle-to-upper-income neighborhoods (7.7%).ConclusionsIt is unlikely that the excess asthma prevalence in urban low-income neighborhoods is disproportionately attributable to obesity. Instead, alternative causes of excess asthma should be sought.
| S-EPMC3695444 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Asthma and obesity, which have reached epidemic proportions, impact urban youth to a great extent. Findings are inconsistent regarding their relationship; no studies have considered asthma management. We explored the association of obesity and asthma-related morbidity, asthma-related health care utilization, and asthma management in urban adolescents with uncontrolled asthma. We classified 373 early adolescents (mean age=12.8 years; 82% Hispanic or Black) from New York City public middle schools into 4 weight categories: normal (body mass index [BMI]<85th percentile); overweight (85th percentile≤BMI<95th percentile); obese (95th percentile≤BMI<97th percentile); and very obese (BMI≥97th percentile). We compared sample obesity prevalence to national estimates, and tested whether weight categories predicted caregiver reported asthma outcomes, adjusting for age and race/ethnicity. Obesity prevalence was 37%, with 28% of the sample being very obese; both rates were significantly higher than national estimates. We found no significant differences in asthma-related health care utilization or asthma management between weight categories, and a few differences in asthma-related morbidity. Relative to normal weight and obese youth, overweight youth had higher odds of never having any days with asthma-related activity limitations. They also had higher odds of never having asthma-related school absences compared with obese youth. Overweight youth with asthma-related activity limitations had more days with limitations compared with normal weight youth. Overweight, but not obese youth, missed more school due to asthma than normal weight youth. Overweight and obesity prevalence was very high in urban, Hispanic, and Black adolescents with uncontrolled asthma, but not strongly associated with asthma-related morbidity, asthma-related health care utilization, or asthma management practices.
| S-EPMC3429276 | biostudies-literature
Project description:[Purpose] Present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sleep bruxism and headache in school children. [Subjects and Methods] This study was conducted with 103 children aged 3-6 years. The exclusion criteria were early tooth loss, dental appliance was used, physical or psychological limitations, chronic disease and continuous medication. Sleep bruxism was diagnosed based on an indication by parents of the occurrence of teeth clenching/grinding and incisor/occlusal tooth wear, following the criteria of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Sleep quality was evaluated by a questionnarie, detailing the child's sleep characteristics. [Results] Forty-nine children (47.6%) were diagnosed with sleep bruxism. Those with sleep bruxism were 3.25-fold more likely to present headache. Children whose parents were separated had a significantly greater frequency of sleep bruxism and primary headache. The relative risk of exhibiting primary headache was 13.1 among children with sleep bruxism whose parents were separated. [Conclusion] Children with SB demonstrated a greater risk of having primary headache and those whose parents were separated had a greater chance of having headache. Only sleep bruxism was associated with headache, clenching the teeth during waking hours was not correlated with primary headache.
| S-EPMC5702807 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTeeth with defects in their structure, such as the ones affected by molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), are more susceptible to carious lesions. Caries is a complex and multifactorial disease highly prevalent in childhood. The present research evaluated the relationship between the stages of MIH and cariogenic bacteria in children.MethodsAfter examining 566 schoolchildren, four groups of 10 children each were formed: healthy (G1), mild MIH (G2 and G3), and severe MIH + caries (G4). Dental biofilm was assessed to quantify Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus spp. (LB) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).ResultsLB counting in biofilm samples of healthy children (G1) and those with mild MIH characterized by white opacities (G2) were not significantly different. The same happened when the ones with yellow opacities (G3) were compared with severe MIH + caries (G4) (P>0.05). The post hoc Tukey test proved that G4 had greater levels of SM and LB when compared with G2 (P<0.05); however, the control group did not diverge from the others considering SM (P>0.05). Increased LB enhanced the severity of MIH [rate ratio (RR): 7.706; P=0.035].ConclusionsLB was influenced by different degrees of MIH and the presence of caries and could guide clinical decisions and patients' recommendations to prevent carious lesions in MIH children.
| S-EPMC10730958 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Accumulated research has suggested the importance of the adhesion molecules modulation as therapeutic approach for bronchial asthma. Adhesion molecules expression alteration contributes to the pathogenesis of asthma. In order to probe the relationship between expression imbalance of adhesion molecules and asthma pathogenesis, expression profiling of adhesion molecules was performed using cDNA microarray. The results showed that there were various adhesion molecules with abnormal expressions in peripheral blood leucocytes of asthma patients.
2014-02-01 | GSE54605 | GEO
Project description:Accumulated research has suggested the importance of the adhesion molecules modulation as therapeutic approach for bronchial asthma. Adhesion molecules expression alteration contributes to the pathogenesis of asthma. In order to probe the relationship between expression imbalance of adhesion molecules and asthma pathogenesis, expression profiling of adhesion molecules was performed using cDNA microarray. The results showed that there were various adhesion molecules with abnormal expressions in peripheral blood leucocytes of asthma patients. RNA was extracted from leucocytes in peripheral blood of 4 normal adults and 6 asthma patients by using TRIzol Reagent. Microarray expression studies were performed using the GEArray Q Series Human Extracellular Matrix & Adhesion Molecules Gene Array (SABiosciences Corporation, USA). This microarray profiles the expression of 96 genes key to the functions of cell adhesion. A negative control (PUC18DNA and blank), and the housekeeping genes including β-actin, GAPDH, Cyclophilin A and ribose body protein L13a were spread on each chip.
2014-02-01 | E-GEOD-54605 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:This study investigated the relationship between higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and myopia progression as well as axial elongation in schoolchildren. We examined cycloplegic refraction, axial length, and wavefront aberrations prospectively in 71 myopic children. Changes in cycloplegic refraction and axial length during a 2-year study period were assessed, and their correlations with HOA components were analyzed. Sixty-four subjects ([mean ± SD] 9.2 ± 1.6 years) completed the 2-year examinations. Cycloplegic refraction was significantly changed after 2 years (P < 0.0001), and the average change (myopia progression) was -1.60 ± 1.04 D. Axial length also increased significantly (P < 0.0001), and the average increase (axial elongation) was 0.77 ± 0.40 mm. Myopia progression and axial elongation showed significant correlations with many components of corneal HOA (P < 0.0001 to P = 0.0270). Multivariate analysis showed that the total HOA of the cornea was the most relevant variable to myopia progression and axial elongation (P < 0.0001). Eyes with larger amounts of corneal HOAs showed less myopia progression and smaller axial elongation, suggesting that corneal HOAs play a role in the refractive and ocular developments in children.
| S-EPMC5554292 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundChlorinated phenols are associated with atopic conditions, but it is not known whether they are associated with wheeze or asthma and whether atopy is involved in these associations.ObjectivesTo test the association between urine levels of 2 dichlorophenols (2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenols) and asthma morbidity in atopic and nonatopic wheezers and between total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels.MethodsData from a sample of 2,125 participants at least 6 years old from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 to 2006 were analyzed. Asthma morbidity data were available for those participants who reported wheezing in the past year ("wheezers"; n = 250). This subsample was categorized as atopic or nonatopic.ResultsAtopic wheezers with higher 2,5-dichlorophenol levels were more frequently diagnosed with asthma by a physician (odds ratio [OR] 4.7 for highest vs lowest tertile, P < .001), required more prescriptions for asthma medications (OR 2.2, P = .046), and reported more exercise-induced wheezing (OR 5.8, P = .045) than atopic wheezers with low dichlorophenol levels. Atopic wheezers with higher 2,5- or 2,4-dichloropheonol levels also were more likely to miss work or school because of wheezing (OR 10.0, P < .001; OR 11.4, P < .01, respectively). In contrast, in nonatopic wheezers, there were no significant associations between dichlorophenol levels and asthma morbidity measurements. The 2 dichlorophenol metabolites were positively associated with increased serum IgE levels in the larger study sample.ConclusionThese findings indicate that in patients with atopy and a history of wheezing, asthma morbidity is associated with high urinary dichlorophenol levels. Increased urine dichlorophenol levels are associated with higher total serum IgE.
| S-EPMC4058323 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and objectiveObesity and asthma impose a heavy health and economic burden on millions of people around the world. The complex interaction between genetic traits and phenotypes caused the mechanism between obesity and asthma is still vague. This study investigates the relationship among obesity-related polygenic risk score (PRS), obesity phenotypes and the risk of having asthma.MethodsThis is a matched case-control study, with 4 controls (8288 non-asthmatic) for each case (2072 asthmatic). Data were obtained from the 2008-2015 Taiwan Biobank Database and linked to the 2000-2016 National Health Insurance Research Database. All participants were ≥30 years old with no history of cancer and had a complete questionnaire, as well as physical examination, genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms and clinical diagnosis data. Environmental exposure, PM2.5, was also considered. Multivariate adjusted ORs and 95% CIs were calculated using conditional logistic regression stratified by age and sex. Mediation analysis was also assessed, using a generalised linear model.ResultsWe found that the obese phenotype was associated with significantly increased odds of asthma by approximately 26%. Four obesity-related PRS, including body mass index (OR=1.07 (1.01-1.13)), waist circumference (OR=1.10 (1.04-1.17)), central obesity as defined by waist-to-height ratio (OR=1.09 (1.03-1.15)) and general-central obesity (OR=1.06 (1.00-1.12)), were associated with increased odds of asthma. Additional independent risk factors for asthma included lower educational level, family history of asthma, certain chronic diseases and increased PM2.5 exposure. Obesity-related PRS is an indirect risk factor for asthma, the link being fully mediated by the trait of obesity.ConclusionsObese phenotypes and obesity-related PRS are independent risk factors for having asthma in adults in the Taiwan Biobank. Overall, genetic risk for obesity increases the risk of asthma by affecting the obese phenotype.
| S-EPMC9730389 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Obesity is a multifactorial and complex disease defined by excess of adipose mass and constitutes a serious health problem. Adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ secreting a wide range of inflammatory adipocytokines, which leads to systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic disorders. The traditional Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high phenolic-rich foods intake, including extra-virgin olive oil, nuts, red wine, vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole-grain cereals. Evidence for polyphenols' effect on obesity and weight control in humans is inconsistent and the health effects of polyphenols depend on the amount consumed and their bioavailability. The mechanisms involved in weight loss in which polyphenols may have a role are: activating ?-oxidation; a prebiotic effect for gut microbiota; inducing satiety; stimulating energy expenditure by inducing thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue; modulating adipose tissue inhibiting adipocyte differentiation; promoting adipocyte apoptosis and increasing lipolysis. Even though the intake of some specific polyphenols has been associated with body weight changes, there is still no evidence for the effects of total polyphenols or some polyphenol subclasses in humans on adiposity.
| S-EPMC6213078 | biostudies-other