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Anxiety disorders in children with high intellectual potential.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Several studies have reported anxiety disorders in children with high intellectual potential (HIP). However, there are discrepant results possibly as a result of methodological biases (different/absent definitions of HIP, small sample sizes, non-validated/adapted/specific tools for assessing anxiety and a single observational source). AIMS:To examine more thoroughly the relationships between HIP and anxiety in large samples of children using clear definitions of HIP, different observational sources and specific assessments of anxiety. METHOD:Children with HIP (n = 211, total IQ ?130) were compared with children without HIP (n = 397, total IQ <130) for anxiety using different observational sources (child psychiatric diagnosis, parental evaluation and child's self-evaluation). Intellectual functioning was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. RESULTS:There were significantly more children with HIP who had anxiety disorders than children without HIP based on the child psychiatric diagnosis. Moreover, based on the child's self-evaluation, children with a high Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI ?130) were significantly more anxious than children with a VCI <130, whereas children with a high Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI ?130) were significantly less anxious than children with a PRI <130. Finally, there was no significant relationship between levels of intellectual functioning and anxiety according to parental observation. CONCLUSIONS:The results highlight the importance of using multiple observational sources and conducting analyses on different dimensions of intellectual functioning (such as VCI and PRI), rather than only on the composite total IQ score. High verbal potential might be a factor of vulnerability for anxiety, whereas high perceptual reasoning might be a protective factor. Further studies are necessary to understand better the mechanisms underlying these results.

SUBMITTER: Kermarrec S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7443907 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Anxiety disorders in children with high intellectual potential.

Kermarrec Solenn S Attinger Laurie L Guignard Jacques-Henri JH Tordjman Sylvie S

BJPsych open 20200706 4

<h4>Background</h4>Several studies have reported anxiety disorders in children with high intellectual potential (HIP). However, there are discrepant results possibly as a result of methodological biases (different/absent definitions of HIP, small sample sizes, non-validated/adapted/specific tools for assessing anxiety and a single observational source).<h4>Aims</h4>To examine more thoroughly the relationships between HIP and anxiety in large samples of children using clear definitions of HIP, di ...[more]

PMID: 32627729

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Project description:ImportanceChildren with strabismus have poorer functional vision and decreased quality of life than those without strabismus.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between strabismus and mental illness among children.Design, setting, and participantsThis cross-sectional study analyzed claims data from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse, a longitudinal deidentified commercial insurance claims database, from 12 005 189 patients enrolled in the health plan between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2017. Eligibility criteria included age younger than 19 years at the time of strabismus diagnosis, enrollment in the health plan between 2007 and 2018, and having at least 1 strabismus claim based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Controls were children in the same database with no eye disease codes other than refractive error reported. Demographic characteristics and mental illness claims were compared. Statistical analysis was conducted from December 1, 2018, to July 31, 2021.Main outcomes and measuresPresence of mental illness claims.ResultsAmong the 12 005 189 patients (6 095 523 boys [50.8%]; mean [SD] age, 8.0 [5.9] years) in the study, adjusted odds ratios for the association of mental illnesses with strabismus were 2.01 (95% CI, 1.99-2.04) for anxiety disorder, 1.83 (95% CI, 1.76-1.90) for schizophrenia, 1.64 (95% CI, 1.59-1.70) for bipolar disorder, 1.61 (95% CI, 1.59-1.63) for depressive disorder, and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.97-1.02) for substance use disorder. There was a moderate association between each strabismus type (esotropia, exotropia, and hypertropia) and anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depressive disorder; odds ratios ranged from 1.23 (95% CI, 1.17-1.29) for the association between esotropia and bipolar disorder to 2.70 (95% CI, 2.66-2.74) for the association between exotropia and anxiety disorder.Conclusions and relevanceThis cross-sectional study suggests that there was a moderate association between strabismus and anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depressive disorder but not substance use disorder. Recognizing that these associations exist should encourage mental illness screening and treatment for patients with strabismus.

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Anxiety disorders in children with high intellectual potential.

Publications

Anxiety disorders in children with high intellectual potential.

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