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Impact of comorbid polycystic ovarian syndrome and gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have been associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, but the evidence on the impact of coexistent PCOS and GDM is rather limited and inconclusive. We investigated the impact of comorbid PCOS on pregnancy outcomes among women with GDM. METHODS:This retrospective cohort study included women diagnosed with GDM on 75?g oral glucose tolerance test on routine antenatal screening tests at Liverpool Hospital between February 2015 and January 2019. Women were then grouped into those with and without PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria. The demographic details, clinical data and pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS:Among the 1545 women with GDM included in the study, there were 326 women with PCOS. Women with GDM and PCOS (GDM+PCOS+) were younger (29.5?years vs 31.5?years, p?

SUBMITTER: Manoharan V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7444192 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impact of comorbid polycystic ovarian syndrome and gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study.

Manoharan Varun V Wong Vincent W VW

BMC pregnancy and childbirth 20200824 1

<h4>Background</h4>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have been associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, but the evidence on the impact of coexistent PCOS and GDM is rather limited and inconclusive. We investigated the impact of comorbid PCOS on pregnancy outcomes among women with GDM.<h4>Methods</h4>This retrospective cohort study included women diagnosed with GDM on 75 g oral glucose tolerance test on routine antenatal screening tests at L ...[more]

PMID: 32831037

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Project description:BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia and macrosomia. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk of developing GDM. Today, GDM is diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a rather cumbersome test for the women and health care system. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether HbA1c in first trimester of pregnancy could be used as a screening test for GDM in first trimester and throughout pregnancy in order to reduce the number of OGTTs, and whether it could predict preeclampsia and macrosomia in women with PCOS.MethodsPost hoc analyses of data from 228 women from a prospective, randomised, multicenter study comparing metformin to placebo from first trimester to delivery. Fasting and 2-h plasma glucose were measured during a 75 g OGTT in first trimester, gestational week 19 and 32 as well as fasting plasma glucose in gestational week 36. GDM was diagnosed by WHO criteria from 1999 in first trimester and throughout pregnancy and by modified IADPSG criteria (i.e. lacking the 1-h plasma glucose value) in first trimester. The diagnostic accuracy was assessed by logistic regression and ROC curve analysis.ResultsThe area under the ROC curve for first trimester HbA1c for screening of GDM diagnosed by WHO criteria in first trimester was 0.60 (95 % CI 0.44-0.75) and 0.56 (95 % CI 0.47-0.65) for GDM diagnosed throughout pregnancy. Only 2.2 % (95 % CI 0.7-5.1 %) of the participants could have avoided OGTT. HbA1c was not statistically significantly associated with GDM diagnosed by modified IADPSG criteria in first trimester. However, first trimester HbA1c was statistically significantly associated with preeclampsia. Both HbA1c and GDM by WHO criteria in first trimester, but not by IADPSG, were negatively associated with birth weight.ConclusionFirst trimester HbA1c can not be used to exclude or predict GDM in women with PCOS, but it might be better to predict preeclampsia than the GDM diagnosis.

Project description:ObjectiveTo investigate the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse outcomes of pregnancy after adjustment for at least minimal confounding factors.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesWeb of Science, PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, from 1 January 1990 to 1 November 2021.Review methodsCohort studies and control arms of trials reporting complications of pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus were eligible for inclusion. Based on the use of insulin, studies were divided into three subgroups: no insulin use (patients never used insulin during the course of the disease), insulin use (different proportions of patients were treated with insulin), and insulin use not reported. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the status of the country (developed or developing), quality of the study, diagnostic criteria, and screening method. Meta-regression models were applied based on the proportion of patients who had received insulin.Results156 studies with 7 506 061 pregnancies were included, and 50 (32.1%) showed a low or medium risk of bias. In studies with no insulin use, when adjusted for confounders, women with gestational diabetes mellitus had increased odds of caesarean section (odds ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.32), preterm delivery (1.51, 1.26 to 1.80), low one minute Apgar score (1.43, 1.01 to 2.03), macrosomia (1.70, 1.23 to 2.36), and infant born large for gestational age (1.57, 1.25 to 1.97). In studies with insulin use, when adjusted for confounders, the odds of having an infant large for gestational age (odds ratio 1.61, 1.09 to 2.37), or with respiratory distress syndrome (1.57, 1.19 to 2.08) or neonatal jaundice (1.28, 1.02 to 1.62), or requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (2.29, 1.59 to 3.31), were higher in women with gestational diabetes mellitus than in those without diabetes. No clear evidence was found for differences in the odds of instrumental delivery, shoulder dystocia, postpartum haemorrhage, stillbirth, neonatal death, low five minute Apgar score, low birth weight, and small for gestational age between women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus after adjusting for confounders. Country status, adjustment for body mass index, and screening methods significantly contributed to heterogeneity between studies for several adverse outcomes of pregnancy.ConclusionsWhen adjusted for confounders, gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with pregnancy complications. The findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the adverse outcomes of pregnancy related to gestational diabetes mellitus. Future primary studies should routinely consider adjusting for a more complete set of prognostic factors.Review registrationPROSPERO CRD42021265837.

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Impact of comorbid polycystic ovarian syndrome and gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study.

Publications

Impact of comorbid polycystic ovarian syndrome and gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study.

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