Genetic variation in Charcot-Marie-Tooth genes contributes to sensitivity to paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chen Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7444626 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Rab7 GTPase regulates mitochondrial morphology and function. Missense mutation(s) of Rab7 underlies the pathogenesis of Charcot Marie Tooth 2B (CMT2B) peripheral neuropathy. Herein, we investigate how mitochondrial morphology and function are impacted by the CMT2B associated Rab7V162M mutation. In contrast to recent studies of using heterologous overexpression systems, our results demonstrate significant mitochondrial fragmentation in both human CMT2B patient fibroblasts and CMT2B embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Primary cultured E18 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons also show mitochondrial fragmentation and altered axonal mitochondrial movement. In addition, we demonstrate that inhibitors to either the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 or to the nucleotide binding to Rab7 normalize the mitochondrial deficits in both MEFs and E18 cultured DRG neurons. Our study reveals, for the first time, that expression of CMT2B Rab7 mutation at the physiological level enhances Drp1 activity to promote mitochondrial fission, potentially underlying selective vulnerability of peripheral sensory neurons in CMT2B pathogenesis.
| S-EPMC9293960 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The predisposition of patients to develop polyneuropathy in response to toxic exposure may have a genetic basis. The previous study Alliance N08C1 found an association of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) gene ARHGEF10 with paclitaxel chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) related to the three non-synonymous, recurrent single nucleotide variants (SNV), whereby rs9657362 had the strongest effect, and rs2294039 and rs17683288 contributed only weakly. In the present report, Alliance N08CA was chosen to attempt to replicate the above finding. N08CA was chosen because it is the methodologically most similar study (to N08C1) performed in the CIPN field to date. N08CA enrolled patients receiving the neurotoxic chemotherapy agent paclitaxel. Polyneuropathy was assessed by serial repeat administration of the previously validated patient reported outcome instrument CIPN20. A study-wide, Rasch type model was used to perform extreme phenotyping in n=138 eligible patients from which "cases" and "controls" were selected for genetic analysis of SNV performed by TaqMan PCR. A significant association of ARHGEF10 with CIPN was found under the pre-specified primary endpoint, with a significance level of p=0.024. As in the original study, the strongest association of a single SNV was seen for rs9657362 (odds ratio=3.56, p=0.018). To further compare results across the new and the previous study, a statistical "classifier" was tested, which achieved a ROC area under the curve of 0.60 for N08CA and 0.66 for N08C1, demonstrating good agreement. Retesting of the primary endpoint of N08C1 in the replication study N08CA validated the association of ARHGEF10 with CIPN.
| S-EPMC4575633 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We have generated mouse models of real CMT1B mutations in the gene encoding for myelin protein zero (P0). One of these mutants, P0S63del is retained in the ER where it elicits an unfolded protein response (UPR). Genetic ablation of the UPR factor CHOP restores the motor capacity in S63del mice. We used microarray to decipher the molecular mechanism undelying the P0S63del neuropathy and the rescue in S63del/Chop null nerves. Sciatic nerves were dissected from WT, S63del, Chop null and S63del/Chop null mice at three different time points: (i) postnatal day 5 (P5) when myelination has just started and only the primary effects of the presence of the mutant protein should be detected; (ii) P28, around the peak of myelination, when all the downstream targets of CHOP should be activated; and (iii) 4 months, to check for secondary effects of the disease and because this was the time-point when the motor and morphological rescue due to the ablation of CHOP were clearly detectable.
2013-05-01 | E-GEOD-40610 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2B peripheral sensory neuropathy (CMT2B) is a debilitating autosomal dominant hereditary sensory neuropathy. Patients with this disease lose pain sensation and frequently need amputation. Axonal dysfunction and degeneration of peripheral sensory neurons is a major clinical manifestation of CMT2B. However, the cellular and molecular pathogenic mechanisms remain undefined. CMT2B is caused by missense point mutations (L129F, K157N, N161T/I, V162M) in Rab7 GTPase. Strong evidence suggests that the Rab7 mutation(s) enhances the cellular levels of activated Rab7 proteins, thus resulting in increased lysosomal activity and autophagy. As a consequence, trafficking and signaling of neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor (NGF) in the long axons of peripheral sensory neurons are particularly vulnerable to premature degradation. A "gain of toxicity" model has, thus, been proposed based on these observations. However, studies of fly photo-sensory neurons indicate that the Rab7 mutation(s) causes a "loss of function", resulting in haploinsufficiency. In the review, we summarize experimental evidence for both hypotheses. We argue that better models (rodent animals and human neurons) of CMT2B are needed to precisely define the disease mechanisms.
| S-EPMC5343860 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a treatment limiting toxicity of paclitaxel. We evaluated if EPHA genetic variation (EPHA4, EPHA5, EPHA6, and EPHA8) is associated with PN sensitivity by accounting for variability in systemic paclitaxel exposure (time above threshold).MethodsGermline DNA from 60 patients with breast cancer was sequenced. PN was measured using the 8-item sensory subscale (CIPN8) of the patient-reported CIPN20. Associations for 3 genetic models were tested by incorporating genetics into previously published PN prediction models integrating measured paclitaxel exposure and cumulative treatment. Significant associations were then tested for association with PN-related treatment disruption.ResultsEPHA5 rs7349683 (minor allele frequency = 0.32) was associated with increased PN sensitivity (β-coefficient = 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.11-0.67, p = 0.007). Setting a maximum tolerable threshold of CIPN8 = 30, optimal paclitaxel exposure target is shorter for rs7349683 homozygous (11.6 h) than heterozygous (12.6 h) or wild-type (13.6 h) patients. Total number of missense variants (median = 0, range 0-2) was associated with decreased PN sensitivity (β-coefficient: -0.42, 95% confidence interval -0.72 to -0.12, P = .006). No association with treatment disruption was detected for the total number of missense variants or rs7349683.ConclusionIsolating toxicity sensitivity by accounting for exposure is a novel approach, and rs7349683 represents a promising marker for PN sensitivity that may be used to individualize paclitaxel treatment.
| S-EPMC7163383 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCharcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common inherited neuromuscular disorder characterized by wide clinical, genetic and pathomechanistic heterogeneity. Recently, the gene encoding peripheral myelin protein 2 (PMP2) was identified as a novel cause for CMT neuropathy with three mutations that structurally cluster together (p.Ile43Asn, p.Thr51Pro, p.Ile52Thr) reported in five families.ResultsUsing whole exome sequencing and cohort screening we identified two novel missense substitutions in PMP2 in Bulgarian (p.Met114Thr, c.341C > T) and German (p.Val115Ala, c.344 T > C) families. The mutations affect adjacent and highly conserved amino acid residues outside of the known mutation-rich region in the protein. Crystal structure analysis positions the affected residues within a cluster of highly conserved fatty acid coordinating residues implying their functional significance. The clinical, electrophysiological and imaging features in both families were consistent with a childhood onset polyneuropathy with variable patterns of demyelination, slow to very slow progression, and most severe involvement of the peroneal muscles.ConclusionsWe expand the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of PMP2-related peripheral neuropathy. Our findings reveal a second mutational cluster in the protein.
| S-EPMC6692960 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTaxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN) is one of the most important survivorship issues for cancer patients. African Americans (AA) have previously been shown to have an increased risk for this toxicity. Germline predictive biomarkers were evaluated to help identify a priori which patients might be at extraordinarily high risk for this toxicity.Experimental designWhole exome sequencing was performed using germline DNA from 213 AA patients who received a standard dose and schedule of paclitaxel in the adjuvant, randomized phase III breast cancer trial, E5103. Cases were defined as those with either grade 3-4 (n=64) or grade 2-4 (n=151) TIPN and were compared to controls (n=62) that were not reported to have experienced TIPN. We retained for analysis rare variants with a minor allele frequency <3% and which were predicted to be deleterious by protein prediction programs. A gene-based, case-control analysis using SKAT was performed to identify genes that harbored an imbalance of deleterious variants associated with increased risk of TIPN.ResultsFive genes had a p-value < 10-4 for grade 3-4 TIPN analysis and three genes had a p-value < 10-4 for the grade 2-4 TIPN analysis. For the grade 3-4 TIPN analysis, SET binding factor 2 (SBF2) was significantly associated with TIPN (p-value=4.35 x10-6). Five variants were predicted to be deleterious in SBF2. Inherited mutations in SBF2 have previously been associated with autosomal recessive, Type 4B2 Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease.ConclusionRare variants in SBF2, a CMT gene, predict an increased risk of TIPN in AA patients receiving paclitaxel.
| S-EPMC5347688 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We have generated mouse models of real CMT1B mutations in the gene encoding for myelin protein zero (P0). One of these mutants, P0S63del is retained in the ER where it elicits an unfolded protein response (UPR). Genetic ablation of the UPR factor CHOP restores the motor capacity in S63del mice. We used microarray to decipher the molecular mechanism undelying the P0S63del neuropathy and the rescue in S63del/Chop null nerves.
2013-05-01 | GSE40610 | GEO
Project description:Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy. Dominant mutations in the glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GARS) gene cause peripheral nerve degeneration and lead to CMT disease type 2D. The underlying mechanisms of mutations in GARS (GARSCMT2D ) in disease pathogenesis are not fully understood. In this study, we report that wild-type GARS binds the NAD+ -dependent deacetylase SIRT2 and inhibits its deacetylation activity, resulting in the acetylated α-tubulin, the major substrate of SIRT2. The catalytic domain of GARS tightly interacts with SIRT2, which is the most CMT2D mutation localization. However, CMT2D mutations in GARS cannot inhibit SIRT2 deacetylation, which leads to a decrease of acetylated α-tubulin. Genetic reduction of SIRT2 in the Drosophila model rescues the GARS-induced axonal CMT neuropathy and extends the life span. Our findings demonstrate the pathogenic role of SIRT2-dependent α-tubulin deacetylation in mutant GARS-induced neuropathies and provide new perspectives for targeting SIRT2 as a potential therapy against hereditary axonopathies.
| S-EPMC8208790 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo identify the unknown genetic cause in a nuclear family with an axonal form of peripheral neuropathy and atypical disease course.MethodsDetailed neurologic, electrophysiologic, and neuropathologic examinations of the patients were performed. Whole exome sequencing of both affected individuals was done. The effect of the identified sequence variations was investigated at cDNA and protein level in patient-derived lymphoblasts. The plasma sphingoid base profile was analyzed. Functional consequences of neuron-specific downregulation of the gene were studied in Drosophila.ResultsBoth patients present an atypical form of axonal peripheral neuropathy, characterized by acute or subacute onset and episodes of recurrent mononeuropathy. We identified compound heterozygous mutations cosegregating with disease and absent in controls in the SGPL1 gene, encoding sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (SPL). The p.Ser361* mutation triggers nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. The missense p.Ile184Thr mutation causes partial protein degradation. The plasma levels of sphingosine 1-phosphate and sphingosine/sphinganine ratio were increased in the patients. Neuron-specific downregulation of the Drosophila orthologue impaired the morphology of the neuromuscular junction and caused progressive degeneration of the chemosensory neurons innervating the wing margin bristles.ConclusionsWe suggest SPL deficiency as a cause of a distinct form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in humans, thus extending the currently recognized clinical and genetic spectrum of inherited peripheral neuropathies. Our data emphasize the importance of sphingolipid metabolism for neuronal function.
| S-EPMC5304460 | biostudies-literature