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A study on variation of atmospheric pollutants over Bhubaneswar during imposition of nationwide lockdown in India for the COVID-19 pandemic.

ABSTRACT: The nationwide lockdown in India to flatten the pandemic COVID-19 curve has resulted in the reduction of anthropogenic emission sources to a great extent. This study reports change in air quality and its impact on the environment during the unique lockdown scenario at Bhubaneswar, a coastal smart city in east India. The urban air shows a remarkable reduction in the mean pollutant levels influenced by traffic emission viz. NO_x (~ 67 %) and BC (~ 47 %) during lockdown over the pre-lockdown. Comparatively, a lower reduction of CO (~ 14 %) is attributed to the dominance of natural atmospheric chemical regulation and biogenic sources in addition to anthropogenic contributions. In addition to the lockdown, frequent rain events due to depression in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) also had a significant role in the reduction of the primary pollutants over the study site. An enhancement of secondary pollutant viz. O₃ (~ 3%) with a distinct diurnal pattern was observed during the first phase of lockdown over the pre-lockdown period. An anti-correlation between O₃ and NO_x during pre-lockdown points to a higher O₃ production potential with decreasing NO_x. While a reduction in the titration of O₃ due to suppression of fresh NO emissions led to accumulation of O₃ in the first phase of lockdown, inhibited photochemistry due to cloudy skies as well as reduction in precursors led to lower O₃ values during the later phases of lockdown.

SUBMITTER: Panda S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7444864 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A study on variation of atmospheric pollutants over Bhubaneswar during imposition of nationwide lockdown in India for the COVID-19 pandemic.

Panda Subhasmita S Mallik Chinmay C Nath Jyotishree J Das Trupti T Ramasamy Boopathy B

Air quality, atmosphere, & health 20200824 1

The nationwide lockdown in India to flatten the pandemic COVID-19 curve has resulted in the reduction of anthropogenic emission sources to a great extent. This study reports change in air quality and its impact on the environment during the unique lockdown scenario at Bhubaneswar, a coastal smart city in east India. The urban air shows a remarkable reduction in the mean pollutant levels influenced by traffic emission viz. NO<sub>x</sub> (~ 67 %) and BC (~ 47 %) during lockdown over the pre-lockd ...[more]

PMID: 32863984

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Project description:Climate and air quality change due to COVID-19 lockdown (LCD) are extremely concerned subjects of several research recently. The contribution of meteorological factors and emission reduction to air pollution change over the north of Morocco has been investigated in this study using the framework generalized additive models, that have been proved to be a robust technique for the environmental data sets, focusing on main atmospheric pollutants in the region including ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), nom-methane volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide (CO) from the regional air pollution dataset of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. Our results, indicate that secondary air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10 and O3) are more influenced by metrological factors and the other air pollutants reported by this study (NO2 and SO2). We show a negative effect for PBHL, total precipitation and NW10M on PM (PM2.5 and PM10 ), this meteorological parameters contribute to decrease in PM2.5 by 9, 2 and 9% respectively, before LCD and 8, 1 and 5% respectively during LCD. However, a positive marginal effect was found for SAT, Irradiance and RH that contribute to increase PM2.5 by 9, 12 and 18% respectively, before LCD and 17, 54 and 34% respectively during LCD. We found also that meteorological factors contribute to O3, PM2.5, PM10 and SIA average mass concentration by 22, 5, 3 and 34% before LCD and by 28, 19, 5 and 42% during LCD respectively. The increase in meteorological factors marginal effect during LCD shows the contribution of photochemical oxidation to air pollution due to increase in atmospheric oxidant (O3 and OH radical) during LCD, which can explain the response of PM to emission reduction. This study indicates that PM (PM2.5, PM10) has more controlled by SO2 due to the formation of sulfate particles especially under high oxidants level. The positive correlation between westward wind at 10 m (WW10M), Northward Wind at 10 m (NW10M) and PM indicates the implication of sea salt particles transported from Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. The Ozone mass concentration shows a positive trend with Irradiance, Total and SAT during LCD; because temperature and irradiance enhance tropospheric ozone formation via photochemical reaction.This study shows the contribution of atmospheric oxidation capacity to air pollution change.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00477-022-02224-z.

Project description:The abrupt reduction in the human activities during the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented changes in the background atmospheric conditions. Several studies reported the anthropogenic and air quality changes observed during the lockdown. However, no attempts are made to investigate the lockdown effects on the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) and background instability processes. In this study, we assess the lockdown impacts on the ABL altitude and instability parameters (Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and Convective Inhibition Energy (CINE)) using WRF model simulations. Results showed a unique footprint of COVID-19 lockdown in all these parameters. Increase in the visibility, surface temperature and wind speed and decrease in relative humidity during the lockdown is noticed. However, these responses are not uniform throughout India and are significant in the inland compared to the coastal regions. The spatial variation of temperature (wind speed) and relative humidity shows an increase and decrease over the Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP) and central parts of India by 20% (100%) and 40%, respectively. Increase (80%) in the ABL altitude is larger over the IGP and central parts of India during lockdown of 2020 compared to similar time period in 2015-2019. This increase is attributed to the stronger insolation due to absence of anthropogenic activity and other background conditions. At the same time, CAPE decreased by 98% in the IGP and central parts of India, where it shows an increase in other parts of India. A prominent strengthening of CINE in the IGP and a weakening elsewhere is also noticed. These changes in CAPE and CINE are mainly attributed to the dearth of saturation in lower troposphere levels, which prevented the development of strong adiabatic ascent during the lockdown. These results provide a comprehensive observation and model-based insight for lockdown induced changes in the meteorological and thermo-dynamical parameters.

Dataset Information

A study on variation of atmospheric pollutants over Bhubaneswar during imposition of nationwide lockdown in India for the COVID-19 pandemic.

Publications

A study on variation of atmospheric pollutants over Bhubaneswar during imposition of nationwide lockdown in India for the COVID-19 pandemic.

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