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Prioritizing Crohn's disease genes by integrating association signals with gene expression implicates monocyte subsets.

ABSTRACT: Genome-wide association studies have identified ~170 loci associated with Crohn's disease (CD) and defining which genes drive these association signals is a major challenge. The primary aim of this study was to define which CD locus genes are most likely to be disease related. We developed a gene prioritization regression model (GPRM) by integrating complementary mRNA expression datasets, including bulk RNA-Seq from the terminal ileum of 302 newly diagnosed, untreated CD patients and controls, and in stimulated monocytes. Transcriptome-wide association and co-expression network analyses were performed on the ileal RNA-Seq datasets, identifying 40 genome-wide significant genes. Co-expression network analysis identified a single gene module, which was substantially enriched for CD locus genes and most highly expressed in monocytes. By including expression-based and epigenetic information, we refined likely CD genes to 2.5 prioritized genes per locus from an average of 7.8 total genes. We validated our model structure using cross-validation and our prioritization results by protein-association network analyses, which demonstrated significantly higher CD gene interactions for prioritized compared with non-prioritized genes. Although individual datasets cannot convey all of the information relevant to a disease, combining data from multiple relevant expression-based datasets improves prediction of disease genes and helps to further understanding of disease pathogenesis.

SUBMITTER: Gettler K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7446136 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prioritizing Crohn's disease genes by integrating association signals with gene expression implicates monocyte subsets.

Gettler Kyle K Giri Mamta M Kenigsberg Ephraim E Martin Jerome J Chuang Ling-Shiang LS Hsu Nai-Yun NY Denson Lee A LA Hyams Jeffrey S JS Griffiths Anne A Noe Joshua D JD Crandall Wallace V WV Mack David R DR Kellermayer Richard R Abraham Clara C Hoffman Gabriel G Kugathasan Subra S Cho Judy H JH

Genes and immunity 20190129 7

Genome-wide association studies have identified ~170 loci associated with Crohn's disease (CD) and defining which genes drive these association signals is a major challenge. The primary aim of this study was to define which CD locus genes are most likely to be disease related. We developed a gene prioritization regression model (GPRM) by integrating complementary mRNA expression datasets, including bulk RNA-Seq from the terminal ileum of 302 newly diagnosed, untreated CD patients and controls, a ...[more]

PMID: 30692607

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Monocytes and toll-like receptors (TLR) have been found in the inflammatory infiltrate of muscle biopsies in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), suggesting an important role of these cells in the pathogenesis of myositis. The monocyte subsets, their TLR expression in peripheral blood and their relationship with the clinical characteristics of patients with IIM has not been addressed. METHODS:We recruited 45 patients with IIM diagnosis and 15 age and sex-adjusted healthy controls. We assessed the disease activity and damage, performed a nailfold capillaroscopy and registered the cardio-pulmonary parameters from the medical charts. Monocyte subsets, their expression of TLR2 and TLR4 and the serum Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines levels were evaluated by flow cytometry. We expressed quantitative variables as medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) or minimum and maximum (min-max). Differences between groups were assessed with Mann-Whitney U and the Kruskal-Wallis tests. Correlation between quantitative variables was assessed with Spearman Rho. RESULTS:Twenty-nine patients were women (64.4%) and 32 (71.1%) had dermatomyositis. In comparison to healthy controls, patients with active IIM had a higher percentage of intermediate monocytes and lower amounts of classical monocytes. Patients with IIM had a higher expression of TLR4 in all their monocyte subsets, regardless of disease activity and prednisone treatment. Serum IL-6 correlated with the TLR2 expression in every monocyte subset and the expression of TLR2 in intermediate monocytes was higher among patients with dysphagia. Subjects with nailfold capillaroscopy abnormalities had a higher amount of TLR2+ classical and non-classical monocytes and those with interstitial lung disease (ILD) had a higher percentage of TLR4+ non-classical monocytes. The classical and intermediate monocytes from patients with anti Mi2 antibodies had a higher expression of TLR4. The percentage of intermediate monocytes and the expression of TLR4 in all monocyte subsets showed a good diagnostic capacity in patients with IIM. CONCLUSION:Patients with IIM have a differential pool of monocyte subsets with an enhanced expression of TLR2 and TLR4, which correlates with disease activity and distinctive clinical features including dysphagia, ILD, vasculopathy, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These immunological features might be useful as a potential diagnostic tool as well as novel disease activity biomarkers in IIM.

Project description:Chronic inflammation associated with the uncontrolled activation of innate and acquired immunity plays a fundamental role in all stages of atherogenesis. Monocytes are a heterogeneous population and each subset contributes differently to the inflammatory process. A high level of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a proven cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between the increased concentration of Lp(a) and monocyte subpopulations in patients with a different severity of coronary atherosclerosis. 150 patients (124 males) with a median age of 60 years undergoing a coronary angiography were enrolled. Lipids, Lp(a), autoantibodies, blood cell counts and monocyte subpopulations (classical, intermediate, non-classical) were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the Lp(a) concentration: normal Lp(a) < 30 mg/dL (n = 82) and hyperLp(a) ≥ 30 mg/dL (n = 68). Patients of both groups were comparable by risk factors, autoantibody levels and blood cell counts. In patients with hyperlipoproteinemia(a) the content (absolute and relative) of non-classical monocytes was higher (71.0 (56.6; 105.7) vs. 62.2 (45.7; 82.4) 103/mL and 17.7 (13.0; 23.3) vs. 15.1 (11.4; 19.4) %, respectively, p < 0.05). The association of the relative content of non-classical monocytes with the Lp(a) concentration retained a statistical significance when adjusted for gender and age (r = 0.18, p = 0.03). The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was associated with the Lp(a) concentration as well as the relative and absolute (p < 0.05) content of classical monocytes. The high content of non-classical monocytes (OR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.2-10.8) as well as intermediate monocytes (OR = 8.7, 2.5-30.6) in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia(a) were associated with triple-vessel coronary disease compared with patients with a normal Lp(a) level and a low content of monocytes. Hyperlipoproteinemia(a) and a decreased quantity of classical monocytes were associated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. The expansion of CD16+ monocytes (intermediate and non-classical) in the presence of hyperlipoproteinemia(a) significantly increased the risk of triple-vessel coronary disease.

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Prioritizing Crohn's disease genes by integrating association signals with gene expression implicates monocyte subsets.

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Prioritizing Crohn's disease genes by integrating association signals with gene expression implicates monocyte subsets.

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