Lab-on-Mask for Remote Respiratory Monitoring.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Pan L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7447077 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The COVID-19 pandemic forced many courses to move online, presenting a particular challenge for hands-on laboratory courses. One such course in our Biotechnology track is an advanced Protein Interactions lecture/laboratory course. This 8-week course typically meets for 5 h a week in the laboratory space. For the Fall 2020 version of the course, first-person videos were produced for each of the laboratory experiments, and the corresponding experimental data produced by students in previous semesters were provided for the current students to analyze in their electronic lab notebooks and lab reports. Student perspectives and assessments were collected on course participants from Fall 2019 (in-person laboratories) and Fall 2020 (online laboratories) to compare experiences and outcomes. Analysis of the data shows that the online students appreciated the videos and gained self-confidence in the procedures, but maintained more misconceptions about the material. In addition to being unable to perform the hands-on experiments, other factors such as anxiety could also be interfering with the learning process under the pandemic conditions. The implementation process for the remote labs, student reactions, and lessons learned are discussed.
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Project description:Since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreaks, the utilization of medical masks plays a critical role in reducing the infected risk. However, constructing multifunctional masks to achieve simultaneously self-sterilization, reusability, and respiratory monitoring capability remains still a huge challenge. Herein, a reusable Ag micro-mesh film-based mask is proposed, which enables the capabilities of electrothermal sterilization and self-powered real-time respiratory monitoring. Highly conductive Ag micro-mesh films prepared by continuous draw spinning method demonstrate excellent electrothermal performances for thermal sterilization and serve as working electrode to fabricate triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for real-time respiratory monitoring, respectively. Under a low driving voltage of 3.0 V, the surface temperature of Ag micro-mesh film enables a quick increase to over 60 °C within 30 s, which endows thermal sterilization against S. aureus with antibacterial efficiency of 95.58% within 20 min to achieve the self-sterilization of medical masks. Furthermore, a self-powered alarm system based on the fabricated TENG as respiratory monitor is developed for real-time respiratory monitoring to render a timely treatment for patients in danger of tachypnea and apnea. Consequently, this work has paved a new and practical avenue to achieve reusable multifunctional masks with capabilities of electrothermal sterilization and real-time respiratory monitoring in clinical medicine. Graphical abstract A reusable Ag micro-mesh film-based mask was developed to endow its self-sterilization, reusability and respiratory monitoring capability. Highly conductive Ag micro-mesh films demonstrate excellent electrothermal sterilization and serve as working electrode to fabricate triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for real-time respiratory monitoring to render a timely treatment for patients in danger of tachypnea and apnea, respectively.
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Project description:Self-powered wearable electronic products have rapidly advanced in the fields of sensing and health monitoring, presenting greater challenges for triboelectric materials. The limited surface polarity and structural defects in wood fibers restrict their potential as substitutes for petroleum-based materials. This study used bagasse fiber as the raw material and explored various methods, including functionalizing cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with polydopamine (PDA), in situ embedding of silver particles, filtration, and freeze-drying. These methods aimed to enhance the triboelectric output, antibacterial properties, and filtration properties of lignocellulosic materials. The Ag/PDA/CNF-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) demonstrated an open-circuit voltage of 211 V and a short-circuit current of 18.1 μA. An aerogel prepared by freeze-drying the Ag/PDA/CNF material, combined with a polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber structure fabricated by electrospinning, constitutes the TENG unit. A self-powered respiratory detection mask was created using this combination, achieving a filtration efficiency of 94.23% for 0.3 μm particles and an antibacterial rate exceeding 99%. In addition, it effectively responded to respiratory frequency signals of slow breathing, normal breathing, and shortness of breath, with the output electrical signal correlating with the respiratory frequency. This study considerably contributes to advancing wood fiber-based triboelectric materials as alternatives to petroleum-derived materials in self-powered wearable electronic products for medical applications.
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Project description:Transmission of infectious respiratory diseases starts from pathogen-laden respiratory droplets released during coughing, sneezing, or speaking. Here we report an on-mask chemical modulation strategy, whereby droplets escaping a masking layer are chemically contaminated with antipathogen molecules (e.g., mineral acids or copper salts) preloaded on polyaniline-coated fabrics. A colorimetric method based on the color change of polyaniline and a fluorometric method utilizing fluorescence quenching microscopy are developed for visualizing the degree of modification of the escaped droplets by H+ and Cu2+, respectively. It is found that even fabrics with low fiber-packing densities (e.g., 19%) can readily modify 49% of the escaped droplets by number, which accounts for about 82% by volume. The chemical modulation strategy could offer additional public health benefits to the use of face covering to make the sources less infectious, helping to strengthen the response to the current pandemic or future outbreaks of infectious respiratory diseases.
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Project description:"The Teledactyl (Tele, far; Dactyl, finger--from the Greek) is a future instrument by which it will be possible for us to 'feel at a distance.' This idea is not at all impossible, for the instrument can be built today with means available right now. It is simply the well known telautograph, translated into radio terms, with additional refinements. The doctor of the future, by means of this instrument, will be able to feel his patient, as it were, at a distance...The doctor manipulates his controls, which are then manipulated at the patient's room in exactly the same manner. The doctor sees what is going on in the patient's room by means of a television screen." -Hugo Gernsback, Science and Invention Magazine, February 1925 Heart failure continues to be a major burden on our health care system. As the number of patients with heart failure increases, the cost of hospitalization alone is contributing significantly to the overall cost of this disease. Readmission rate and hospital length of stay are emerging as quality markers of heart failure care along with reimbursement policies that force hospitals to optimize these outcomes. Apart from maintaining quality assurance, the disease process of heart failure per-se requires demanding and close attention to vitals, diet, and medication compliance to prevent acute decompensation episodes. Remote patient monitoring is morphing into a key disease management strategy to optimize care for heart failure. Innovative implantable technologies to monitor intracardiac hemodynamics also are evolving, which potentially could offer better and substantial parameters to monitor.
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Project description:PurposeAltered respiratory rate (RR) has been identified as an important predictor of serious adverse events during hospitalization. Introduction of a well-tolerated continuous RR monitor could potentially reduce serious adverse events such as opioid-induced respiratory depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of different monitor devices to detect RR in low care clinical settings.MethodsThis was a prospective method-comparison study with a cross-sectional design. Thoracic impedance pneumography (IPG), frequency modulated continuous wave radar, and an acoustic breath sounds monitor were compared with the gold standard of capnography for their ability to detect RR in breaths per minute (breaths·min-1) in awake postoperative patients in the postanesthesia care unit. The Bland and Altman method for repeated measurements and mixed effect modelling was used to obtain bias and limits of agreement (LoA). Furthermore, the ability of the three devices to assist with correct treatment decisions was evaluated in Clarke Error Grids.ResultsTwenty patients were monitored for 1,203 min, with a median [interquartile range] of 61 [60-63] min per patient. The bias (98.9% LoA) were 0.1 (-7.9 to 7.9) breaths·min-1 for the acoustic monitor, -1.6 (-10.8 to 7.6) for the radar, and -1.9 (-13.1 to 9.2) for the IPG. The extent to which the monitors guided adequate or led to inadequate treatment decisions (determined by Clarke Error Grid analysis) differed significantly between the monitors (P = 0.011). Decisions were correct 96% of the time for acoustic, 95% of the time for radar, and 94% of the time for IPG monitoring devices.ConclusionsNone of the studied devices (acoustic, IPG, and radar monitor) had LoA that were within our predefined (based on clinical judgement) limits of ± 2 breaths·min-1. The acoustic breath sound monitor predicted the correct treatment more often than the IPG and the radar device.
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Project description:Since the emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in mid-2012, there has been controversy over the respiratory precaution recommendations in different guidelines from various international bodies. Our understanding of MERS-CoV is still evolving. Current recommendations on infection control practices are heavily influenced by the lessons learnt from severe acute respiratory syndrome. A debate on respiratory precautions for MERS-CoV was organised by Infection Control Association (Singapore) and the Society of Infectious Disease (Singapore). We herein discuss and present the evidence for surgical masks for the protection of healthcare workers from MERS-CoV.
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Project description:Bees are very important for terrestrial ecosystems and, above all, for the subsistence of many crops, due to their ability to pollinate flowers. Currently, the honey bee populations are decreasing due to colony collapse disorder (CCD). The reasons for CCD are not fully known, and as a result, it is essential to obtain all possible information on the environmental conditions surrounding the beehives. On the other hand, it is important to carry out such information gathering as non-intrusively as possible to avoid modifying the bees' work conditions and to obtain more reliable data. We designed a wireless-sensor networks meet these requirements. We designed a remote monitoring system (called WBee) based on a hierarchical three-level model formed by the wireless node, a local data server, and a cloud data server. WBee is a low-cost, fully scalable, easily deployable system with regard to the number and types of sensors and the number of hives and their geographical distribution. WBee saves the data in each of the levels if there are failures in communication. In addition, the nodes include a backup battery, which allows for further data acquisition and storage in the event of a power outage. Unlike other systems that monitor a single point of a hive, the system we present monitors and stores the temperature and relative humidity of the beehive in three different spots. Additionally, the hive is continuously weighed on a weighing scale. Real-time weight measurement is an innovation in wireless beehive-monitoring systems. We designed an adaptation board to facilitate the connection of the sensors to the node. Through the Internet, researchers and beekeepers can access the cloud data server to find out the condition of their hives in real time.
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Project description:IntroductionMastery of respiratory auscultation skills is fundamental for clinicians to develop. We created a case-based educational session utilizing a high-fidelity simulator to teach lung sound auscultation to medical students at our institution. We employed a hypothesis-driven approach and deliberate practice to enhance students' learning experience and retention of acquired skills.MethodsWe developed the session to teach second-year medical students how to discriminate between normal and pathological respiratory sounds within the context of clinical vignettes. Faculty facilitators, in conjunction with near-peer educators, made use of a high-fidelity auscultation manikin to guide students through case-based problem sets. Students were given the opportunity to auscultate the manikin while being observed and receiving feedback from the faculty.ResultsWe introduced the manikin in 2016, with a total of 759 second-year medical students from four class years having participated in the session since then. Students evaluated the session through an end-of-the-week and end-of-unit survey. The survey showed an overall improvement in learner satisfaction over previous years. Survey results and feedback were used to make adjustments to the session.DiscussionOur respiratory auscultation session was well received overall. Proper faculty development is crucial for implementing the session. Because of the focus on deliberate practice, adequate time must be allotted to hold the session. This program is reproducible with similar high-fidelity simulators.
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