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Correlation between tectonic CO₂ Earth degassing and seismicity is revealed by a 10-year record in the Apennines, Italy.

ABSTRACT: Deep CO₂ emissions characterize many nonvolcanic, seismically active regions worldwide, and the involvement of deep CO₂ in the earthquake cycle is now generally recognized. However, no long-time records of such emissions have been published, and the temporal relations between earthquake occurrence and tectonic CO₂ release remain enigmatic. Here, we report a 10-year record (2009-2018) of tectonic CO₂ flux in the Apennines (Italy) during intense seismicity. The gas emission correlates with the evolution of the seismic sequences: Peaks in the deep CO₂ flux are observed in periods of high seismicity and decays as the energy and number of earthquakes decrease. We propose that the evolution of seismicity is modulated by the ascent of CO₂ accumulated in crustal reservoirs and originating from the melting of subducted carbonates. This large-scale, continuous process of CO₂ production favors the formation of overpressurized CO₂-rich reservoirs potentially able to trigger earthquakes at crustal depth.

SUBMITTER: Chiodini G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7449681 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundThe populations of Soldanella (Primulaceae) of the southern Apennines (Italy) are unique within the genus for their distribution and ecology. Their highly fragmented distribution range, with three main metapopulations on some of the highest mountains (Gelbison, Sila and Aspromonte massifs) of the area, poses intriguing questions about their evolutionary history and biogeography, and about the possibility of local endemisms.Aims and methodsIn order to clarify the phylogeny and biogeography of the three metapopulations of Soldanella in the southern Apennines, attributed to S. calabrella to date, and to identify possible local endemisms, a comparative approach based on the study of molecular, morphological and ecological characteristics of the populations was employed. Specifically, one nuclear (total ITS) and two plastid (rbcL and trnL) markers were used for the phylogenetic analyses, performed through both maximum likelihood and Bayesian techniques. Among the morphological features, the glandular hair and leaf biometric traits were analysed, and the environment in which the populations grew was characterised for altitude, forest canopy composition and soil pH, C, N and organic matter.Results and conclusionsOur findings demonstrate that the lineage of Soldanella of southern Italy diverged from the Carpathians lineage during the Middle Pleistocene, and underwent an evolutionary radiation during the Late Pleistocene. The populations of the Sila and Aspromonte massifs diverged from the populations of the Gelbison massif around 380000 years ago and are probably undergoing a progressive differentiation due to their isolation. The populations on the Gelbison massif, moreover, have different morphological features from those of the Sila and Aspromonte massifs and a different ecological niche. The molecular, morphological and ecological data clearly demonstrate that the metapopulation of Soldanella on the Gelbison massif belongs to a new taxonomic unit at the species level, which we name Soldanella sacra A. & L. Bellino from the name of the massif on which it was discovered, the "Holy Mountain".

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Correlation between tectonic CO₂ Earth degassing and seismicity is revealed by a 10-year record in the Apennines, Italy.

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Correlation between tectonic CO2 Earth degassing and seismicity is revealed by a 10-year record in the Apennines, Italy.

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OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

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Correlation between tectonic CO₂ Earth degassing and seismicity is revealed by a 10-year record in the Apennines, Italy.