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AIDS-related Cryptococcus neoformans choroiditis.

ABSTRACT: We describe a case of Cryptococcal choroiditis in a person with advanced HIV/AIDS. A 29-year-old male with AIDS presented with fever, photophobia, and ataxia secondary to cryptococcal and toxoplasma meningoencephalitis. Dilated fundoscopic examination revealed bilateral and multifocal posterior infiltrates consistent with cryptococcal choroiditis. Treatment with parenteral and intravitreal liposomal amphotericin B, oral flucytosine, and oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole led to resolution of his symptoms and improvement in his vision. Our case documents a rare, intraocular opportunistic infection and highlights the importance of ophthalmologic examination in immunocompromised hosts with visual symptoms and invasive fungal infection. We discuss diagnostic and treatment considerations in cryptococcal choroiditis.

SUBMITTER: Canfield GS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7452429 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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AIDS-related <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> choroiditis.

Canfield Gregory S GS Reingold Sarah S Ho Andrea A Thor Ann D AD Pecen Paula E PE DeSanto Kristen K Chastain Daniel B DB Franco-Paredes Carlos C Castillo-Mancilla Jose R JR Henao-Martinez Andrés F AF

IDCases 20200808

We describe a case of Cryptococcal choroiditis in a person with advanced HIV/AIDS. A 29-year-old male with AIDS presented with fever, photophobia, and ataxia secondary to cryptococcal and toxoplasma meningoencephalitis. Dilated fundoscopic examination revealed bilateral and multifocal posterior infiltrates consistent with cryptococcal choroiditis. Treatment with parenteral and intravitreal liposomal amphotericin B, oral flucytosine, and oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole led to resolution of his ...[more]

PMID: 32884904

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AIDS patient death caused by novel Cryptococcus neoformans x C. gattii hybrid.

Project description:Interspecies hybrids of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii have only recently been reported. We describe a novel C. neoformans x C. gattii hybrid strain (serotype AB) that was previously described as C. gattii and that caused a lethal infection in an AIDS patient from Canada.

| S-EPMC2600336 | biostudies-literature

Comparative hybridization reveals extensive genome variation in the AIDS-associated pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.

Project description:Genome variability can have a profound influence on the virulence of pathogenic microbes. The availability of genome sequences for two strains of the AIDS-associated fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans presented an opportunity to use comparative genome hybridization (CGH) to examine genome variability between strains of different mating type, molecular subtype, and ploidy.Initially, CGH was used to compare the approximately 100 kilobase MATa and MATalpha mating-type regions in serotype A and D strains to establish the relationship between the Log2 ratios of hybridization signals and sequence identity. Subsequently, we compared the genomes of the environmental isolate NIH433 (MATa) and the clinical isolate NIH12 (MATalpha) with a tiling array of the genome of the laboratory strain JEC21 derived from these strains. In this case, CGH identified putative recombination sites and the origins of specific segments of the JEC21 genome. Similarly, CGH analysis revealed marked variability in the genomes of strains representing the VNI, VNII, and VNB molecular subtypes of the A serotype, including disomy for chromosome 13 in two strains. Additionally, CGH identified differences in chromosome content between three strains with the hybrid AD serotype and revealed that chromosome 1 from the serotype A genome is preferentially retained in all three strains.The genomes of serotypes A, D, and AD strains exhibit extensive variation that spans the range from small differences (such as regions of divergence, deletion, or amplification) to the unexpected disomy for chromosome 13 in haploid strains and preferential retention of specific chromosomes in naturally occurring diploids.

| S-EPMC2374700 | biostudies-literature

Iron regulation of the major virulence factors in the AIDS-associated pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.

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Development of a singleplex PCR assay for rapid identification and differentiation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii, and hybrids.

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Chromosome copy number variation in Cryptococcus neoformans influences virulence and occurs in isolates from AIDS patients

Project description:Influence of copy number changes at several chromosomes to melanin production and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans

2011-04-19 | GSE28673 | GEO

Chromosome copy number variation in Cryptococcus neoformans influences virulence and occurs in isolates from AIDS patients

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2011-06-01 | GSE29675 | GEO

RNA interference in Cryptococcus neoformans.

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| S-EPMC3708647 | biostudies-literature

Variation in chromosome copy number influences the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans and occurs in isolates from AIDS patients.

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| S-EPMC3221739 | biostudies-literature

Environmental Status of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Colombia.

Project description:The genus Cryptococcus comprises more than 80 species, including C. neoformans and C. gattii, which are pathogenic to humans, mainly affecting the central nervous system. The two species differ in geographic distribution and environmental niche. C. neoformans has a worldwide distribution and is often isolated from bird droppings. On the contrary, C. gattii is reported in tropical and subtropical regions and is associated with Eucalyptus species. This review aims to describe the distribution of environmental isolates of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex and the Cryptococcus gattii species complex in Colombia. A systematic investigation was carried out using different databases, excluding studies of clinical isolates reported in the country. The complex of the species of C. gattii is recovered mainly from trees of the genus Eucalyptus spp., while the complex of the species of C. neoformans is recovered mainly from avian excrement, primarily Columba livia (pigeons) excrement. In addition, greater positivity was found at high levels of relative humidity. Likewise, an association was observed between the presence of the fungus in places with little insolation and cold or temperate temperatures compared to regions with high temperatures.

| S-EPMC8225054 | biostudies-literature

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