Septic perimyocarditis due to a right-sided infective endocarditis of atypical morphology in a 33-year-old woman.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wenzel JP
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7455416 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Septic perimyocarditis due to a right-sided infective endocarditis of atypical morphology in a 33-year-old woman.
Wenzel Jan-Per JP Schrage Benedikt B Sinning Christoph C Blankenberg Stefan S Zengin-Sahm Elvin E Lubos Edith E
Clinical case reports 20200505 8
Perimyocarditis should be considered in patients with endocarditis not improving with conventional therapy and without typical valvular abnormalities. Vegetations can be sited anywhere in the atrium or ventricle and exhibit multiple shapes. ...[more]
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Project description:Compared with the extensive data on left-sided infective endocarditis (IE), there is much less published information on the features and management of right-sided IE. Right-sided IE accounts for 5% to 10% of all IE cases, and compared with left-sided IE, it is more often associated with intravenous drug use, intracardiac devices, and central venous catheters, all of which has become more prevalent over the past 20 years. In this manuscript on right-sided IE we provide an up-to-date overview on the epidemiology, etiology, microbiology, potential locations of infection in the right heart, diagnosis, imaging, common complications, management, and prognosis. We present updated information on the treatment of pacemaker and device infections, infected fibrin sheaths that appear to be an easily missed source of infection after central line as well as pacemaker removal. We review current data on the AngioVac percutaneous aspiration device, which can obviate the need for surgery in patients with infected pacemaker leads and fibrin sheaths. We also focused on advanced diagnostic modalities, such as positron emission tomography/computed tomography. All of these are supported by specific case examples with detailed echocardiographic imaging from our experience.
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Project description:BackgroundInfective endocarditis has a relevant clinical impact due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Right-sided endocarditis has lower complication rates than left-sided endocarditis. Common complications are multiple septic pulmonary embolisms, haemoptysis, and acute renal failure. Risk factors associated with right-sided infective endocarditis are commonly related to intravenous drug abuse, central venous catheters, or infections due to implantable cardiac devices. However, patients with congenital ventricular septal defects might be at high risk of endocarditis and haemodynamic complications.Case presentationIn the following, we present the case of a 23-year-old man without a previous intravenous drug history with tricuspid valve Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis complicated by acute renal failure and haemoptysis caused by multiple pulmonary emboli. In most cases, right-sided endocarditis is associated with several common risk factors, such as intravenous drug abuse, a central venous catheter, or infections due to implantable cardiac devices. In this case, we found a small perimembranous ventricular septal defect corresponding to a type 2 Gerbode defect. This finding raised the suspicion of a congenital ventricular septal defect complicated by a postendocarditis aneurysmal transformation.ConclusionsManagement of the complications of right-sided infective endocarditis requires a multidisciplinary approach. Echocardiographic approaches should include screening for ventricular septal defects in patients without common risk factors for tricuspid valve endocarditis. Patients with undiagnosed congenital ventricular septal defects are at high risk of infective endocarditis. Therefore, endocarditis prophylaxis after dental procedures and/or soft-tissue infections is highly recommended. An acquired ventricular septal defect is a very rare complication of infective endocarditis. Surgical management of small ventricular septal defects without haemodynamic significance is still controversial.
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Project description:Bacterial endocarditis gives rise to a variety of complications due to local tissue damage, immunological phenomena, and embolic phenomena. Only a small number of cases of coronary embolization have been reported in infective endocarditis patients. This is a case of subacute bacterial endocarditis in a postpartum mother complicated by fatal left and right coronary artery embolization. A 32-year-old postpartum mother with a history of rheumatic heart disease presented with a history of fever, shortness of breath, and bilateral ankle edema for 1-week duration. On admission, the patient was alert, febrile with a pulse rate of 90 beats/min, blood pressure 105/70 mmHg, and her lungs were clear. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed vegetations attached to both mitral and aortic valves. She was started on intravenous antibiotics. Her fever was settled and during the following 2 weeks she was clinically improving with settling inflammatory markers. On the 20th day of the illness, the patient developed sudden onset of chest pain, dyspnea with sinus bradycardia, and later developed pulseless electric activity. She expired despite intense cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Postmortem revealed multiple vegetations in both mitral and aortic valves and complete occlusion of both left and right coronary ostia by embolized vegetative materials. <Learning objective: Subacute bacterial endocarditis with large and mobile vegetations can give rise to embolization. Although most of them cause peripheral embolization, there is a possibility of fatal coronary embolization. This case highlights the importance of early surgical intervention in bacterial endocarditis with large, multiple, and mobile vegetations even though the patient is responding to the antibiotics.>.
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Project description:As the clinical manifestations of traumatic tricuspid valve regurgitation vary according to the extent of tricuspid valve injury, this condition can often go unnoticed and be incidentally discovered. Here, we report the case of a 40-year-old man with patent foramen ovale, in which severe tricuspid regurgitation due to tricuspid valve prolapse was incidentally discovered following blunt chest trauma. Further examination revealed that the prolapse had also caused active right ventricular mural infective endocarditis. The patient had no relevant past medical history of chronic debilitating disease or immunosuppression. After evaluation by the cardiology team, emergent surgical tricuspid valvular repair was successfully performed. Learning objective Tricuspid valve prolapses resulting from chest trauma may occasionally lead to severe tricuspid regurgitation. Furthermore, this may cause active right ventricular infective endocarditis. In the present case, Staphylococcus aureus was detected in blood cultures, which is usually rapidly progressive and often leads to devastating consequences. Early surgical approach should be considered in cases of infection in the left atrium via patent foramen ovale.
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