Dataset Information

Systematic analysis of occurrence, density and ecological risks of 45 veterinary antibiotics: Focused on family livestock farms in Erhai Lake basin, Yunnan, China.

ABSTRACT: Antibiotic pollution from family animal farms is often neglected, but the waste from these farms usually caused more harm to the surroundings because arbitrary discharge without effective disposal. The pollution status and ecological risks of 45 veterinary antibiotics on 33 family animal farms in Dali city, Erhai Lake basin of China, were firstly delivered. The results showed that antibiotic contamination was prevalent in different environmental mediums (feed, manure, wastewater and soil) on these family farms. Manure had highest antibiotic levels among all the environmental mediums. Tetracyclines (TCs) usually had higher concentrations (ND-404.95 mg/kg) than the other classes, among which chlorotetracycline (CTC) was the dominant type. Among different animal species, target 13 pig farms had the highest antibiotic concentrations, the most total types and unique types of antibiotics, which were followed by target 11 chicken farms then target 9 cattle farms. The antibiotic densities of animal waste were calculated by per animal, which showed that pig waste presented high density; and family chicken farms were characterized by quinolone antibiotics (QAs) and macrolide antibiotics (MAs) pollution. For the antibiotic ecological risks in effluent water, oxytetracycline (OTC), CTC, ofloxacin (OFL), enrofloxacin (ENR), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX2) exhibited much more toxic effects on algae. OTC and doxycycline (DXC) posed high risk for invertebrate; while no antibiotic caused high ecological risk for fish. Some antibiotics were quantitatively detected in the soil but no antibiotic posed obvious ecological risks on soils. However, the interaction of synergistic or antagonistic effects between different antibiotics should be brought to the forefront. This study gave some information of antibiotic pollution on family livestock farms, which indicated that animal waste from family farms was indeed an important pollution source of antibiotics for the environment.

SUBMITTER: Zhi S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7455523 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Systematic analysis of occurrence, density and ecological risks of 45 veterinary antibiotics: Focused on family livestock farms in Erhai Lake basin, Yunnan, China.

Zhi Suli S Shen Shizhou S Zhou Jing J Ding Gongyao G Zhang Keqiang K

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 20200829

Antibiotic pollution from family animal farms is often neglected, but the waste from these farms usually caused more harm to the surroundings because arbitrary discharge without effective disposal. The pollution status and ecological risks of 45 veterinary antibiotics on 33 family animal farms in Dali city, Erhai Lake basin of China, were firstly delivered. The results showed that antibiotic contamination was prevalent in different environmental mediums (feed, manure, wastewater and soil) on the ...[more]

PMID: 32892021

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Project description:BackgroundTo control the transmission of relevant shared diseases, such as animal tuberculosis (TB) and African swine fever (ASF), it is essential to reduce the risk of interaction between livestock and wild ungulates. In Eastern and Central Europe, the current spread of ASF virus affecting wild boar and domestic pigs (especially those raised outdoors and/or in backyards) has devastated the pig sector in affected regions and is seriously threatening other exporting countries. Here, we evaluated the risk of wildlife-livestock interactions on 45 outdoor pig farms in Spain, the second largest pork producer in the EU and then proposed biosecurity-related actions. An integrated, systematic wildlife risk mitigation protocol based on interviews, questionnaires and field audits was developed and applied on each farm.ResultsMost of the interaction risk points were associated with water sources (84.2%; 701/832), mainly springs and ponds, which accounted for almost all the specific points with high or very high risk scores. The risk of interaction at feeding points (6.9%; 57/832) and those associated with facilities for livestock and/or game management (8.9%; 74/832) were rated as low and very low risk, respectively. Wild boar were present and hunted on 69% of the farms. Supplementary feeding for wild ungulate species (mainly wild boar) was provided on almost half (48.9%; 22/45) the surveyed farms. Risk mitigation actions were categorised to target water access, waterers, food, other livestock species, grazing, wildlife, and offal disposal. Of the total number of actions (n = 2016), 82.7% were identified as priority actions while 17.3% represented alternative options which were identified less cost-effective. On average, 37.1 (median: 32; range 14-113) action proposals per study farm were made and 2.0 (median: 1; range 0-4) per risk point. The mean estimated cost of implementing the proposed priority actions was 14,780 €/farm (25.7 €/hectare and 799.4 €/risk point).ConclusionsThis study expands the knowledge of interaction risks between domestic pigs and wild ungulates in outdoor pig farming systems and highlights the importance of considering local risks and management practices when designing and prioritising adapted wildlife risk mitigation and biosecurity actions. This practical and feasible protocol developed for Mediterranean ecosystems is easily transferable to professionals and can be adapted to extensive (outdoor) production or epidemiological systems in other European regions.

Project description:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to humans and animals globally. Antimicrobial stewardship has been acknowledged as a primary strategy to tackle AMR. An important first step for antimicrobial stewardship is to quantify antimicrobial use (AMU). In Fiji, there are currently no data on AMU in livestock farms. This study aimed to quantify AMU in different livestock enterprises (beef, dairy, broiler, and layer) and farming systems (backyard, semi-commercial and commercial) in Central and Western divisions of Viti Levu, Fiji. A survey with 210 livestock farmers and 26 managers representing 276 enterprises was conducted between May and September 2019. The difference in AMU between different livestock enterprises and farming systems was investigated using ANOVA. In Fiji, the estimated annual antibiotic use in livestock was lower than the global average (44 compared with 118 mg/PCU). However, this use was concentrated in 56% of participant farms (the remaining 44% did not use antimicrobials). Total estimated quarterly anthelmintic use (20,797 mg) was not affected by farming systems but was highest (P < 0.001) in dairy enterprises (24,120 mg) and lowest in broiler enterprises (4 mg). Quarterly antibiotic use was different between the enterprises regardless of the metrics used to quantify the use (P < 0.05). Total estimated quarterly mg/PCU of antibiotic use was highest (P < 0.001) in broiler enterprises (12.4 mg/PCU) and lowest in beef enterprises (0.2 mg/PCU). For all other ESVAC metrics, total estimated antibiotic use was higher in poultry and lower in cattle enterprises. Backyard systems used less antibiotics (total mg) than commercial systems, but for other metrics, the trend was reversed. The use of both antibiotics and anthelmintics (rather than antibiotics or anthelmintics alone, or no AMU) was associated with dairy enterprises (Χ2 = 123, P < 0.001). Further studies should be conducted to quantify and evaluate the drivers of AMU in Fijian livestock farms. In addition, differences in AMU between different enterprises and farming systems suggest that strategies to reduce AMU should be tailored to specific settings.

Dataset Information

Systematic analysis of occurrence, density and ecological risks of 45 veterinary antibiotics: Focused on family livestock farms in Erhai Lake basin, Yunnan, China.

Publications

Systematic analysis of occurrence, density and ecological risks of 45 veterinary antibiotics: Focused on family livestock farms in Erhai Lake basin, Yunnan, China.

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