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Effects of nematode parasitism on activity patterns in first-season grazing cattle.

ABSTRACT: We investigated the effects of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) challenge on activity patterns in first season grazing (FSG) steers exposed to two different levels of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora. At turn-out, experimental animals were allocated to one of two treatment groups grazing in different enclosures each with 32 animals. The first group (High) received 5000 third stage (L3) O. ostertagi (50%) and C. onchophora (50%) larvae; whereas the second group (Low) were dewormed monthly with 0.5?mg ivermectin (Noromectin®, Pour-on) per kg bodyweight. Activity patterns were monitored by fitting some animals in each group (High, n = 10; Low, n = 8) with leg mounted sensors (IceTag® 3D-accelerometers) during three two-week periods. In animals fitted with sensors body weight gain (BWG) was recorded every fortnight, whereas faecal and blood samples were collected every four weeks for nematode faecal egg count (FEC) and serum pepsinogen concentrations (SPC). Differences between the periods in daily (P?=? 0.046) and diurnal (P?=? 0.0502) activities were recorded between groups during the course of the study. A significant (P?=? 0.038) increase in the number of lying bouts was recorded in group High during the second period (days 74-86), which was correlated (r = 0.55, P = 0.018) to an increase in SPC ? 85 days after turn-out. BWG was reduced (P?=? 0.037) in group High compared to group Low, deviating from day 45. Strongyle nematode eggs were observed in both groups 29 days after turn-out, however the mean EPG remained low in group Low throughout the experiment. An increase in SPC was observed (P?

SUBMITTER: Hogberg N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7458373 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of nematode parasitism on activity patterns in first-season grazing cattle.

Högberg Niclas N Lidfors Lena L Hessle Anna A Arvidsson Segerkvist Katarina K Herlin Anders A Höglund Johan J

Veterinary parasitology: X 20190508

We investigated the effects of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) challenge on activity patterns in first season grazing (FSG) steers exposed to two different levels of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora. At turn-out, experimental animals were allocated to one of two treatment groups grazing in different enclosures each with 32 animals. The first group (High) received 5000 third stage (L3) O. ostertagi (50%) and C. onchophora (50%) larvae; whereas the second gro ...[more]

PMID: 32904765

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Project description:UnlabelledIncreasing the rumen-stable protein content of feed would lead to improved nitrogen utilisation in cattle, and less nitrogenous waste. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high protein ruminant feed containing high polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. PPO mediated protein-quinone binding has been linked to protecting plant proteins from proteolysis. To explore the mechanism underlying the effect of PPO on protein protection in fresh forage feeds, proteomic components of feed down-boli produced from wild-type red clover and a low PPO mutant, at point of ingestion and after 4h in vitro incubation with rumen inoculum were analysed. Significant differences in proteomic profiles between wild-type and mutant red clover were determined after 4h incubation, with over 50% less spots in mutant than wild-type proteomes, indicating decreased proteolysis in the latter. Protein identifications revealed preferentially retained proteins localised within the chloroplast, suggesting that PPO mediated protection in the wild-type operates due to the proximity of target proteins to the enzyme and substrates, either diffusing into this compartment from the vacuole or are present in the chloroplast. This increased understanding of protein targets of PPO indicates that wider exploitation of the trait could contribute to increased protein use efficiency in grazing cattle.Biological significanceOne of the main challenges for sustainable livestock farming is improving capture of dietary nitrogen by ruminants. Typically up to 70% of ingested protein-N is excreted representing a loss of productivity potential and a serious environmental problem in terms of nitrogenous pollution of lands and water. Identification of key characteristics of rumen-protected protein will deliver target traits for selection in forage breeding programmes. The chloroplastic enzyme PPO catalyzes the oxidation of phenols to quinones, which react with protein. Little is currently known about the intracellular protein targets of the products of PPO activity or the mechanism underlying protein complexing, including whether there is any specificity to the reaction. Here we have determined significant differences in the proteomes of freshly ingested down boli corresponding to the presence or absence of active PPO. These results show that in the presence of PPO the forage protein is less amenable to proteolysis and provide the novel information that the protected proteins are putatively chloroplastically located. These data also contribute to a growing evidence base that a chloroplastic PPO substrate exists in red clover in addition to the currently known vacuolar substrates.

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Dataset Information

Effects of nematode parasitism on activity patterns in first-season grazing cattle.

Publications

Effects of nematode parasitism on activity patterns in first-season grazing cattle.

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