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Associations of Preconception Exposure to Air Pollution and Greenness with Offspring Asthma and Hay Fever.

ABSTRACT: We investigated if greenness and air pollution exposure in parents' childhood affect offspring asthma and hay fever, and if effects were mediated through parental asthma, pregnancy greenness/pollution exposure, and offspring exposure. We analysed 1106 parents with 1949 offspring (mean age 35 and 6) from the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) generation study. Mean particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), ozone (O3) (µg/m3) and greenness (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)) were calculated for parents 0-18 years old and offspring 0-10 years old, and were categorised in tertiles. We performed logistic regression and mediation analyses for two-pollutant models (clustered by family and centre, stratified by parental lines, and adjusted for grandparental asthma and education). Maternal medium PM2.5 and PM10 exposure was associated with higher offspring asthma risk (odds ratio (OR) 2.23, 95%CI 1.32-3.78, OR 2.27, 95%CI 1.36-3.80), and paternal high BC exposure with lower asthma risk (OR 0.31, 95%CI 0.11-0.87). Hay fever risk increased for offspring of fathers with medium O3 exposure (OR 4.15, 95%CI 1.28-13.50) and mothers with high PM10 exposure (OR 2.66, 95%CI 1.19-5.91). The effect of maternal PM10 exposure on offspring asthma was direct, while for hay fever, it was mediated through exposures in pregnancy and offspring's own exposures. Paternal O3 exposure had a direct effect on offspring hay fever. To conclude, parental exposure to air pollution appears to influence the risk of asthma and allergies in future offspring.

SUBMITTER: Kuiper IN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7459891 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Associations of Preconception Exposure to Air Pollution and Greenness with Offspring Asthma and Hay Fever.

Kuiper Ingrid Nordeide IN Markevych Iana I Accordini Simone S Bertelsen Randi J RJ Bråbäck Lennart L Christensen Jesper Heile JH Forsberg Bertil B Halvorsen Thomas T Heinrich Joachim J Hertel Ole O Hoek Gerard G Holm Mathias M de Hoogh Kees K Janson Christer C Malinovschi Andrei A Marcon Alessandro A Sigsgaard Torben T Svanes Cecilie C Johannessen Ane A

International journal of environmental research and public health 20200812 16

We investigated if greenness and air pollution exposure in parents' childhood affect offspring asthma and hay fever, and if effects were mediated through parental asthma, pregnancy greenness/pollution exposure, and offspring exposure. We analysed 1106 parents with 1949 offspring (mean age 35 and 6) from the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) generation study. Mean particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), blac ...[more]

PMID: 32806543

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Project description:BackgroundDue to the complex interplay among different urban-related exposures, a comprehensive approach is advisable to estimate the health effects. We simultaneously assessed the effect of "green", "grey" and air pollution exposure on respiratory/allergic conditions and general symptoms in schoolchildren.MethodsThis study involved 219 schoolchildren (8-10?years) of the Municipality of Palermo, Italy. Data were collected through questionnaires self-administered by parents and children. Exposures to greenness and greyness at the home addresses were measured using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), residential surrounding greyness (RSG) and the CORINE land-cover classes (CLC). RSG was defined as the percentage of buffer covered by either industrial, commercial and transport units, or dump and construction sites, or urban fabric related features. Two specific categories of CLC, namely "discontinuous urban fabric - DUF" - and "continuous urban fabric - CUF" - areas were found. Exposure to traffic-related nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was assessed using a Land-Use Regression model. A symptom score ranging from 0 to 22 was built by summing affirmative answers to twenty-two questions on symptoms. To avoid multicollinearity, multiple Logistic and Poisson ridge regression models were applied to assess the relationships between environmental factors and self-reported symptoms.ResultsA very low exposure to NDVI ?0.15 (1st quartile) had a higher odds of nasal symptoms (OR?=?1.47, 95% CI [1.07-2.03]). Children living in CUF areas had higher odds of ocular symptoms (OR?=?1.49, 95% CI [1.10-2.03]) and general symptoms (OR?=?1.18, 95% CI [1.00-1.48]) than children living in DUF areas. Children living in proximity (?200?m) to High Traffic Roads (HTRs) had increased odds of ocular (OR?=?1.68, 95% CI [1.31-2.17]) and nasal symptoms (OR?=?1.49, 95% CI [1.12-1.98]). A very high exposure to NO2 ??60??g/m3 (4th quartile) was associated with a higher odds of general symptoms (OR?=?1.28, 95% CI [1.10-1.48]). No associations were found with RGS. A Poisson ridge regression model on the symptom score showed that children living in proximity to HTRs (?200?m) had a higher symptoms score (RR?=?1.09, 95% CI [1.02-1.17]) than children living >?200?m from HTRs. Children living in CUF areas had a higher symptoms score (RR?=?1.11, 95% CI [1.03-1.19]) than children living in DUF areas.ConclusionsMultiple exposures related to greenness, greyness (measured by CORINE) and air pollution within the urban environment are associated with respiratory/allergic and general symptoms in schoolchildren. No associations were found when considering the individual exposure to greyness measured using the RSG indicator.

Project description:The preconception period is a critical window for gametogenesis, therefore preconception exposure to air pollutants may have long-term effects on children. We systematically reviewed epidemiological evidence concerning the effects of preconception ambient air pollution exposure on children's health outcomes and identified research gaps for future investigations. We searched PubMed and Web of Science from journal inception up to October 2022 based on an established protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022277608). We then identified 162 articles based on searching strategy, 22 of which met the inclusion criteria. Studies covered a wide range of health outcomes including birth defects, preterm birth, birthweight, respiratory outcomes, and developmental outcomes. Findings suggested that exposure to outdoor air pollutants during maternal preconception period were associated with various health outcomes, of which birth defects has the most consistent findings. A meta-analysis revealed that during 3-month preconception period, a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 and PM2.5 was associated with relative risk (RR) of birth defects of 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 1.02) and 1.14 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.59), respectively. Preterm birth, low birthweight, and autism have also been associated with maternal preconception exposure to PM2.5, PM10, O3 and SO2. However, the significance of associations and effect sizes varied substantially across studies, partly due to the heterogeneity in exposure and outcome assessments. Future studies should use more accurate exposure assessment methods to obtain individual-level exposures with high temporal resolution. This will allow the exploration of which specific time window (weeks or months) during the preconception period has the strongest effect. In future epidemiologic studies, integrating pathophysiologic biomarkers relevant to clinical outcomes may help improve the causal inference of associations between preconception exposure and health outcomes suggested by the current limited literature. Additionally, potential effects of paternal preconception exposure need to be studied.

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Associations of Preconception Exposure to Air Pollution and Greenness with Offspring Asthma and Hay Fever.

Publications

Associations of Preconception Exposure to Air Pollution and Greenness with Offspring Asthma and Hay Fever.

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