Dataset Information

Obesity-Induced Heart Rate Variability Impairment and Decreased Systolic Function in Obese Male Dogs.

ABSTRACT: Obesity can induce cardiovascular diseases in both humans and animals. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an indicator of sympathovagal balance and is used to identify cardiovascular diseases in humans. However, HRV and cardiac function have rarely been investigated in obese dogs. This study investigated the effect of obesity on oxidative stress, HRV, and cardiac function in obese and non-obese dogs. The nine-scale body condition score (BCS) system was used to determine obesity. Thirty small breed dogs were divided into a normal weight group (n = 15) and an obese group (n = 15). All dogs underwent physical examination, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) measurement, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and two hours of Holter monitoring. This study found that obese dogs had increased plasma MDA and sympathovagal imbalance, which was indicated by impaired time and frequency domains compared to normal weight dogs. Although cardiac function was within normal limits, the echocardiographic study found that the obese dogs had reduced cardiac wall thickness and lower systolic function, as indicated by a reduction in %ejection fraction, %fractional shortening, increased left ventricular (LV) internal diameter during systole, and LV end-systolic volume compared to normal weight dogs. This study concluded that obesity in dogs can induce increased plasma oxidative stress, impaired HRV, and reduced cardiac systolic function compared to non-obese dogs.

SUBMITTER: Pongkan W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7460129 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Obesity-Induced Heart Rate Variability Impairment and Decreased Systolic Function in Obese Male Dogs.

Pongkan Wanpitak W Jitnapakarn Wannida W Phetnoi Warunee W Punyapornwithaya Veerasak V Boonyapakorn Chavalit C

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20200810 8

Obesity can induce cardiovascular diseases in both humans and animals. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an indicator of sympathovagal balance and is used to identify cardiovascular diseases in humans. However, HRV and cardiac function have rarely been investigated in obese dogs. This study investigated the effect of obesity on oxidative stress, HRV, and cardiac function in obese and non-obese dogs. The nine-scale body condition score (BCS) system was used to determine obesity. Thirty small breed ...[more]

PMID: 32785083

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Project description:PurposeCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which primarily infects the lower airways and binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on alveolar epithelial cells. ACE2 is widely expressed not only in the lungs but also in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 can also damage the myocardium. This report aimed to highlight decreased heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiac injury caused by SARS-CoV-2.Materials and methodsWe evaluated three COVID-19 patients who died. Patients' data were collected from electronic medical records. We collected patient's information, including baseline information, lab results, body temperature, heart rate (HR), clinical outcome and other related data. We calculated the HRV and the difference between the expected and actual heart rate changes as the body temperature increased.ResultsAs of March 14, 2020, 3 (2.2%) of 136 patients with COVID-19 in Tianjin died in the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic. The immediate cause of death for Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3 was cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest and cardiac arrest, respectively. The HRV were substantially decreased in the whole course of all three cases. The actual increases in heart rate were 5 beats/min, 13 beats/min, and 4 beats/min, respectively, less than expected as their temperature increased. Troponin I and Creatine Kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) were substantially increased only in Case 3, for whom the diagnosis of virus-related cardiac injury could not be made until day 7. In all three cases, decreased in HRV and HR changes occurred earlier than increases in cardiac biomarkers (e.g., troponin I and CK-MB).ConclusionsIn conclusion, COVID-19 could affect HRV and counteract tachycardia in response to increases in body temperature. The decreases of HRV and HR changes happened earlier than the increases of myocardial markers (troponin I and CK-MB). It suggested the decreases of HRV and HR changes might help predict cardiac injury earlier than myocardial markers in COVID-19, thus its early identification might help improve patient prognosis.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44231-022-00024-1.

Project description:We investigated the association between the heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc interval) measured by standard electrocardiography and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). From March 1, 2009, to December 12, 2009, 411 patients with T2DM who underwent resting 12-lead electrocardiography and cardiovascular autonomic function testing concurrently without the exclusion criteria were consecutively recruited in this cross-sectional study. Time- and frequency-domain HRV variables were assessed for 5 minutes by beat-to-beat HRV recording. The QT interval was corrected for the heart rate using Bazett's formula. QTc interval measurements of >440 ms were considered abnormally prolonged. The mean age and diabetes duration were 56.3 ± 10.6 years and 9.6 ± 7.3 years, respectively. A total of 90 patients had QTc interval prolongation (21.9%). The participants with a prolonged QTc interval were older (59.4 ± 10.1 years vs 55.5 ± 10.6 years, P = .002), were more likely to be a woman (72.2% vs 51.7%, P = .001), had a higher prevalence of hypertension (46.7% vs 33.4%, P = .022), had a higher hemoglobin A1c level (8.8% ± 2.2% vs 8.2% ± 1.8%, P = .045), and had decreased values for the variables measuring HRV, except for the low frequency (LF)/high frequency (HF) ratio (total power [TP], 147.7 [74.1-335.9] ms vs 328.7 [185.7-721.7] ms, P = .002). After adjusting for multiple confounders, QTc interval prolongation was associated with the lowest quartile of the HRV parameters of TP (odds ratio [OR] = 3.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.29-6.96), HF (OR = 3.20; 95% CI: 1.84-5.58), LF (OR = 3.68; 95% CI: 2.10-6.43), standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval (OR = 3.31; 95% CI: 1.89-5.77), and root-mean-square of the successive differences (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.13-3.47) in patients with T2DM. Decreased values for the variables measuring HRV, except for the LF/HF ratio, might be associated with QTc interval prolongation in patients with T2DM.

Project description:Cardiac autonomic function can be quantified through mean heart rate (HR) or heart rate variability (HRV). Numerous studies have supported the utility of different HRV parameters as indicators of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, HR has recently shown to be a stronger predictor of CRF than HRV in healthy young adults, yet these findings need to be replicated, in other age groups such as children. Therefore, this study aimed: (1) to study the associations between indicators of cardiac autonomic function (HR, standard and corrected HRV parameters) and CRF in overweight/obese children; and (2) to test which of the two indicators (i.e., HR or HRV) is a stronger predictor of CRF. This study used cross-sectional baseline data of 107 overweight/obese children (10.03 ± 1.13 years, 58% boys) from the ActiveBrains project. Cardiac autonomic indicators were measured with Polar RS800CX®. CRF was assessed using a gas analyzer while performing a maximal incremental treadmill test. Correlations and stepwise linear regressions were performed. Mean HR and standard HRV parameters (i.e., pNN50, RMSSD, and SDNN) were associated with CRF (r coefficients ranging from -0.333 to 0.268; all p ≤ 0.05). The association of HR with CRF persisted after adjusting for sex, peak height velocity (PHV), adiposity moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, energy intake and circadian-related variable intradaily variability of activity patterns whilst for HRV parameters (i.e., pNN50, RMSSD, and SDNN) disappeared. Stepwise linear regression models entering HR and all HRV parameters showed that mean HR was the strongest predictor of CRF (β = -0.333, R 2 = 0.111, p < 0.001). Standard and corrected HRV parameters did not provide additional value to the coefficient of determination (all p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that HR is the strongest indicator of CRF. It seems that quantification of HRV parameters in time and frequency domain do not add relevant clinical information about the cardiovascular health status (as measured by CRF) in overweight/obese children beyond the information already provided by the simple measure of HR.

Project description:The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) has been shown to both excel in recognising human emotions and produce emotion-related vocalisations and postures that humans can easily recognise. However, little is known about the effect of emotional experiences on subsequent sleep physiology, a set of phenomena heavily interrelated with emotions in the case of humans. The present paper examines heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) during dogs' sleep, measures that are influenced by both positive and negative emotions in awake dogs. In Study I, descriptive HR and HRV data is provided on N = 12 dogs about the different sleep stages (wake, drowsiness, non-rapid eye movement (non-REM), REM; scoring based on electroencephalogram (EEG) data). We conclude that wakefulness is characterised by higher HR and lower HRV compared to all sleep stages. Furthermore, drowsiness is characterised by higher HR and lower HRV than non-REM and REM, but only if the electrocardiogram (ECG) samples are taken from the first occurrence of a given sleep stage, not when the longest periods of each sleep stage are analysed. Non-REM and REM sleep were not found to be different from each other in either HR or HRV parameters. In Study II, sleep HR and HRV measures are compared in N = 16 dogs after a positive versus negative social interaction (within-subject design). The positive social interaction consisted of petting and ball play, while the negative social interaction was a mixture of separation, threatening approach and still face test. Results are consistent with the two-dimensional emotion hypothesis in that following the intense positive interaction more elevated HR and decreased HRV is found compared to the mildly negative (lower intensity) interaction. However, although this trend can be observed in all sleep stages except for REM, the results only reach significance in the wake stage. In sum, the present findings suggest that HR and HRV are possible to measure during dogs' sleep, and can potentially be used to study the effect of emotions not only during but also after such interactions.

Dataset Information

Obesity-Induced Heart Rate Variability Impairment and Decreased Systolic Function in Obese Male Dogs.

Publications

Obesity-Induced Heart Rate Variability Impairment and Decreased Systolic Function in Obese Male Dogs.

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