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Intimate partner violence and childhood illnesses in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Around a quarter of Cambodian women reported being victim to intimate partner violence (IPV) from their current partner. Children's exposure to familial IPV impacts psychosocial well-being and emerging research indicates associations with physical health. OBJECTIVE:Investigate associations between maternal experience of IPV and common childhood illnesses in Cambodia. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS:Analysis of the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (2000, 2005, 2014) using logistic regression, including 5025 children under 5 years of age whose mothers responded to questions about experience of emotional, physical and sexual violence by current partner. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Report of diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection (ARI) or fever, respectively, in children in the two weeks preceding the survey. RESULTS:Children of mothers with experience of any type of IPV had estimated elevated odds of diarrhoea (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.65, 95%?CI 1.39 to 1.97), estimated odds of ARI (aOR=1.78, 95%?CI 1.47 to 2.16) and estimated odds of fever (aOR=1.51, 95%?CI 1.31 to 1.76) compared with children of mothers without reported IPV experience. Exposure to any form of IPV corresponded to an estimated 2.65 times higher odds (95%?CI 2.01 to 3.51) for reporting having both diarrhoea and ARI. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings support the notion that children's susceptibility to diarrhoea, ARI and fever may be affected by mothers' experience of IPV, including emotional violence. Maternal and child health programmes should train healthcare professionals to identify domestic violence and children at risk, and link victims to appropriate health and legal services.

SUBMITTER: Nakphong MK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7466953 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Intimate partner violence and childhood illnesses in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study.

Nakphong Michelle Kao MK von Ehrenstein Ondine S OS

Archives of disease in childhood 20200116 3

<h4>Background</h4>Around a quarter of Cambodian women reported being victim to intimate partner violence (IPV) from their current partner. Children's exposure to familial IPV impacts psychosocial well-being and emerging research indicates associations with physical health.<h4>Objective</h4>Investigate associations between maternal experience of IPV and common childhood illnesses in Cambodia.<h4>Design, setting, participants</h4>Analysis of the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (2000, 2005, ...[more]

PMID: 31949033

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Project description:The objective of this paper is to explore whether IPV 12 months before and/or during pregnancy is associated with poor psychosocial health.From June 2010 to October 2012, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 antenatal care clinics in Belgium. Consenting pregnant women were asked to complete a questionnaire on socio-demographics, psychosocial health and violence in a separate room. Overall, 2586 women were invited to participate and we were able to use data from 1894 women (73.2%) for analysis. Ethical clearance was obtained in all participating hospitals.We found a significant correlation between IPV and poor psychosocial health: within the group of women who reported IPV, 53.2% (n?=?118) had poor psychosocial health, as compared to 21% (n?=?286) in the group of women who did not report IPV (P?<?0.001). Lower psychosocial health scores were associated with increased odds of reporting IPV (aOR 1.55; 95% CI 1.39-1.72), with adjustments made for the language in which the questionnaire was filled out, civil/marital status, education and age. In other words, a decrease of 10 points on the psychosocial health scale (total of 140) increased the odds of reporting IPV by 55 %. When accounting for the 6 psychosocial health subscales, the analysis revealed that all subscales (depression, anxiety, self-esteem, mastery, worry and stress) are strongly correlated to reporting IPV. However, when accounting for all subscales simultaneously in a logistic regression model, only depression (aOR 0.87; 95 % CI 0.84-0.91) and stress (aOR 0.85; 95 % CI 0.77-095) remained significantly associated with IPV. The association between overall psychosocial health and IPV remained significant after adjusting for socio-demographic status.Our research corroborated that IPV and psychosocial health are strongly associated. Due to the limitations of our study design, we believe that future research is needed to deepen understanding of the multitude of factors involved in the complex interactions between IPV and psychosocial health.

Project description:OBJECTIVES:To determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in pregnancy and to understand associations and determinants. DESIGN:Cross-sectional survey. SETTING:Two rural health clinics in post-conflict northern Uganda. PARTICIPANTS:Women attending two rural health clinics for a new service providing cervical cancer screening, who had experienced pregnancy. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES:Data were collected by a questionnaire using validated questions from the demographic health survey women's questionnaire and the domestic violence module. Data were entered into tablets using Questionnaire Development System software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed, using experience of IPV in pregnancy as the dependent variable. SPSS V.25 was used for all analysis. RESULTS:Of 409 participant women, 26.7% (95% CI 18.6% to 35.9%) reported having been slapped, hit or beaten by a partner while pregnant. For 32.3% (95% CI 20.2% to 37.9%) of the women the violence became worse during pregnancy. Women who had ever experienced IPV in pregnancy were more likely to have experienced violence in the previous 12 months (OR 4.45, 95%?CI 2.80 to 7.09). In multivariate logistic regression, the strongest independent associations with IPV in pregnancy were partner's daily drinking of alcohol (OR 2.02, 95%?CI 1.19 to 3.43) and controlling behaviours (OR 1.17, 95%?CI 1.03 to 1.33). CONCLUSIONS:The women in this study had more exposure to IPV in pregnancy than previously reported for this region. Women's previous experience of intimate partner violence, partner's daily use of alcohol and his controlling behaviours were strong associations with IPV in pregnancy. This study highlights the uneven distribution of risk and the importance of research among the most vulnerable population in rural and disadvantaged settings. More research is needed in local rural and urban settings to illuminate this result and inform intervention and policy.

Project description:BackgroundThirty per cent of all women experience intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the WHO's novel R.E.S.P.E.C.T framework and IPV among women in Kenya.MethodsWe used the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS). Only women selected for the domestic violence module and who were married/living with their partner were eligible for this study (n=3737). We created a summary score for the strategies denoted by R.E.S.P.T based on availability of questions addressing these strategies in the KDHS, and a total score that summed responses across all strategies. Each letter was assessed with Cronbach's alpha. Multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between R.E.S.P.T scores and IPV.ResultsAll strategies except for E lowered the odds of IPV. Decision-making (R) was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR=0.62 (0.53 to 0.72)). Land and property ownership (E) were positively associated with experiencing IPV (OR=1.25 (1.08 to 1.43)). Access to healthcare (S) was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR=0.55 (0.48 to 0.63)). Higher levels of wealth (P) were negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR=0.47 (0.37 to 0.62)). Not justifying wife-beating in any scenario (T) was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR=0.39 (0.29 to 0.53)). After adjusting for demographics, a 1-unit increase in total R.E.S.P.T score was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (AOR=0.63 (0.57 to 0.70)) with a similar finding for IPV in the past 12 months (AOR=0.59 (0.53 to 0.66)). Younger women, higher education and Muslim religion were associated with decreased odds of experiencing IPV while living in a rural location and working were associated with increased odds of experiencing IPV.ConclusionsOur study provides initial evidence that by using the multistrategy R.E.S.P.E.C.T framework, countries can dramatically lower the odds of women experiencing IPV. IPV prevention strategies must have a wide approach. The DHS can be used as a tool to monitor implementation and efficacy of this novel strategy.

Project description:Intimate partner violence (IPV) before and during pregnancy is associated with a broad range of adverse health outcomes. Describing the extent and the evolution of IPV is a crucial step in developing interventions to reduce the health impact of IPV.The objectives are to study the prevalence of psychological abuse, as well as physical & sexual violence, and to provide insight into the evolution of IPV 12 months before and during pregnancy.Between June 2010 and October 2012, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 antenatal care clinics in Belgium. Consenting pregnant women were asked to complete a questionnaire (available in Dutch, French and English) in a separate room. Ethical clearance was obtained in all participating hospitals.The overall percentage of IPV was 14.3% (95% CI: 12.7 - 16.0) 12 months before pregnancy and 10.6% (95% CI: 9.2 - 12.1) during pregnancy. Physical partner violence before as well as during pregnancy was reported by 2.5% (95% CI: 1.7 - 3.3) of the respondents (n = 1894), sexual violence by 0.9% (95% CI 0.5 - 1.4), and psychological abuse by 14.9% (95% CI: 13.3 - 16.7). Risk factors identified for IPV were being single or divorced, having a low level of education, and choosing another language than Dutch to fill out the questionnaire. The adjusted analysis showed that physical partner violence (aOR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.22 - 0.56) and psychological partner abuse (aOR 0.7, 95% CI: 0.63 - 0.79) were significantly lower during pregnancy compared to the period of 12 months before pregnancy. The difference between both time periods is greater for physical partner violence (65%) compared to psychological partner abuse (30%). The analysis of the frequency data showed a similarly significant evolution for physical partner violence and psychological partner abuse, but not for sexual violence.The IPV prevalence rates in our study are slightly lower than what can be found in other Western studies, but even so IPV is to be considered a prevalent problem before and during pregnancy. We found evidence, however, that physical partner violence and psychological partner abuse are significantly lower during pregnancy.

Project description:BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem with harmful consequences. In Australia, there is no national standard screening tool and screening practice is variable across states. The objectives of this study were to assess in the antenatal healthcare setting: i) the validity of a new IPV brief screening tool and ii) women's preference for screening response format, screening frequency and comfort level.MethodsOne thousand sixty-seven antenatal patients in a major metropolitan Victorian hospital in Australia completed a paper-based, self-administered survey. The survey included four screening items about whether they were Afraid/Controlled/Threatened/Slapped or physically hurt (ACTS) by a partner or ex-partner in the last 12 months; and the Composite Abuse Scale (reference standard). The ACTS screen was presented firstly with a binary yes/no response format and then with a five-point ordinal frequency format from 'never' (0) to 'very frequently' (4). The main outcome measures were test statistics of the four-item ACTS screening tool (sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and area under the curve) against the reference standard and women's screening preferences.ResultsTwelve-month IPV prevalence varied depending on the ACTS response format with 8% (83) positive on ACTS yes/no format, 12.8% (133) positive on ACTS ordinal frequency format and 10.5% (108) on the reference Composite Abuse Scale. Overall, the ACTS screening tool demonstrated clinical utility for the ordinal frequency format (AUC, 0.80; 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.85) and the binary yes/no format (AUC, 0.74, 95% CI = 0.69 to 0.79). The frequency scale (66%) had greater sensitivity than the yes/no scale (51%). The positive and negative predictive values were 56 and 96% for the frequency scale and 68 and 95% for the yes/no scale. Specificity was high regardless of screening question response options. Half (53%) of the women categorised as abused preferred the yes/no scale. Around half of the women (48%, 472) thought health care providers should ask pregnant women about IPV at every visit.ConclusionsThe four-item ACTS tool (using the frequency scale and a cut-off of one on any item) is recommended for written self-administered screening of women to identify those experiencing IPV to enable first-line response and follow-up.

Project description:INTRODUCTION:Intimate partner violence (IPV) is regarded an important public health and human rights issue, characterized by physical, sexual or emotional abuse. Globally more than one in three women report physical or sexual violence by their intimate partners. Though the association between IPV and depression is known, we found no study investigating depression as a risk factor for IPV and very few studies using standard tools in assessing both IPV and depression among pregnant women. AIM:To measure the prevalence of IPV and depression during pregnancy and assess the association between IPV and depression and other determinants. METHODS:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 589 pregnant women living in Wondo-Genet district, southern Ethiopia. IPV experience was assessed using a structured questionnaire of the World Health Organization (WHO), and maternal depression was measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Descriptive statistics were computed and multivariable logistic regression was carried out to estimate risk and adjust for confounders. RESULTS:The overall prevalence of IPV was 21% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 18.1-24.7). After adjusting for potential confounders, increased risk of IPV remained among rural women (adjusted odds ratio[AOR] = 2.09; 95%CI = 1.06-4.09), women who had parental exposure to IPV (AOR = 14.00; 95%CI = 6.43-30.48), women whose pregnancy was not desired (AOR = 9.64; 95%CI = 3.44-27.03), women whose husbands used alcohol (AOR = 17.08; 95%CI = 3.83-76.19), women with depression (AOR = 4.71; 95%CI = 1.37-16.18) and women with low social support (AOR = 13.93; 95%CI = 6.98-27.77). The prevalence of antenatal depressive symptom (with EPDS score above 13) was 6.8% (95% CI 6.2-11.3). Increased risk of depression was found among women who had been exposed to IPV (AOR = 17.60; 95%CI = 6.18-50.10) and whose husbands use alcohol (AOR = 3.31; 95%CI = 1.33-8.24). CONCLUSION:One in five pregnant women experienced IPV and it was strongly associated with depression. Screening for IPV and depression at antenatal visits with referral to relevant care and service is recommended.

Dataset Information

Intimate partner violence and childhood illnesses in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study.

Publications

Intimate partner violence and childhood illnesses in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study.

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