Dataset Information

Enhanced contact investigations for nine early travel-related cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States.

ABSTRACT: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in Wuhan, China and has since become pandemic. In response to the first cases identified in the United States, close contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases were investigated to enable early identification and isolation of additional cases and to learn more about risk factors for transmission. Close contacts of nine early travel-related cases in the United States were identified and monitored daily for development of symptoms (active monitoring). Selected close contacts (including those with exposures categorized as higher risk) were targeted for collection of additional exposure information and respiratory samples. Respiratory samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Four hundred four close contacts were actively monitored in the jurisdictions that managed the travel-related cases. Three hundred thirty-eight of the 404 close contacts provided at least basic exposure information, of whom 159 close contacts had ?1 set of respiratory samples collected and tested. Across all actively monitored close contacts, two additional symptomatic COVID-19 cases (i.e., secondary cases) were identified; both secondary cases were in spouses of travel-associated case patients. When considering only household members, all of whom had ?1 respiratory sample tested for SARS-CoV-2, the secondary attack rate (i.e., the number of secondary cases as a proportion of total close contacts) was 13% (95% CI: 4-38%). The results from these contact tracing investigations suggest that household members, especially significant others, of COVID-19 cases are at highest risk of becoming infected. The importance of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers is also underlined. Isolation of persons with COVID-19, in combination with quarantine of exposed close contacts and practice of everyday preventive behaviors, is important to mitigate spread of COVID-19.

SUBMITTER: Burke RM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7467265 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Enhanced contact investigations for nine early travel-related cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States.

Burke Rachel M RM Balter Sharon S Barnes Emily E Barry Vaughn V Bartlett Karri K Beer Karlyn D KD Benowitz Isaac I Biggs Holly M HM Bruce Hollianne H Bryant-Genevier Jonathan J Cates Jordan J Chatham-Stephens Kevin K Chea Nora N Chiou Howard H Christiansen Demian D Chu Victoria T VT Clark Shauna S Cody Sara H SH Cohen Max M Conners Erin E EE Dasari Vishal V Dawson Patrick P DeSalvo Traci T Donahue Matthew M Dratch Alissa A Duca Lindsey L Duchin Jeffrey J Dyal Jonathan W JW Feldstein Leora R LR Fenstersheib Marty M Fischer Marc M Fisher Rebecca R Foo Chelsea C Freeman-Ponder Brandi B Fry Alicia M AM Gant Jessica J Gautom Romesh R Ghinai Isaac I Gounder Prabhu P Grigg Cheri T CT Gunzenhauser Jeffrey J Hall Aron J AJ Han George S GS Haupt Thomas T Holshue Michelle M Hunter Jennifer J Ibrahim Mireille B MB Jacobs Max W MW Jarashow M Claire MC Joshi Kiran K Kamali Talar T Kawakami Vance V Kim Moon M Kirking Hannah L HL Kita-Yarbro Amanda A Klos Rachel R Kobayashi Miwako M Kocharian Anna A Lang Misty M Layden Jennifer J Leidman Eva E Lindquist Scott S Lindstrom Stephen S Link-Gelles Ruth R Marlow Mariel M Mattison Claire P CP McClung Nancy N McPherson Tristan D TD Mello Lynn L Midgley Claire M CM Novosad Shannon S Patel Megan T MT Pettrone Kristen K Pillai Satish K SK Pray Ian W IW Reese Heather E HE Rhodes Heather H Robinson Susan S Rolfes Melissa M Routh Janell J Rubin Rachel R Rudman Sarah L SL Russell Denny D Scott Sarah S Shetty Varun V Smith-Jeffcoat Sarah E SE Soda Elizabeth A EA Spitters Christopher C Stierman Bryan B Sunenshine Rebecca R Terashita Dawn D Traub Elizabeth E Vahey Grace M GM Verani Jennifer R JR Wallace Megan M Westercamp Matthew M Wortham Jonathan J Xie Amy A Yousaf Anna A Zahn Matthew M

PloS one 20200902 9

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in Wuhan, China and has since become pandemic. In response to the first cases identified in the United States, close contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases were investigated to enable early identification and isolation of additional cases and to learn more about risk factors for transmission. Close contacts of nine early travel-related cases in t ...[more]

PMID: 32877446

Similar Datasets

Project description:Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been suggested as a useful tool to predict the emergence and investigate the extent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, we screened appropriate population biomarkers for wastewater SARS-CoV-2 normalization and compared the normalized SARS-CoV-2 values across locations with different demographic characteristics in southeastern Michigan. Wastewater samples were collected between December 2020 and October 2021 from nine neighborhood sewersheds in the Detroit Tri-County area. Using reverse transcriptase droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR), concentrations of N1 and N2 genes in the studied sites were quantified, with N1 values ranging from 1.92 × 102 genomic copies/L to 6.87 × 103 gc/L and N2 values ranging from 1.91 × 102 gc/L to 6.45 × 103 gc/L. The strongest correlations were observed with between cumulative COVID-19 cases per capita (referred as COVID-19 incidences thereafter), and SARS-CoV-2 concentrations normalized by total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), creatinine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and xanthine when correlating the per capita SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 incidences. When SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in wastewater were normalized and compared with COVID-19 incidences, the differences between neighborhoods of varying demographics were reduced as compared to differences observed when comparing non-normalized SARS-CoV-2 with COVID-19 cases. This indicates when studying the disease burden in communities of different demographics, accurate per capita estimation is of great importance. The study suggests that monitoring selected water quality parameters or biomarkers, along with RNA concentrations in wastewater, will allow adequate data normalization for spatial comparisons, especially in areas where detailed sanitary sewage flows and contributing populations in the catchment areas are not available. This opens the possibility of using WBE to assess community infections in rural areas or the developing world where the contributing population of a sample could be unknown.

Project description:BackgroundIndividuals with asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can propagate the virus unknowingly and thus have been a focus of public health attentions since the early stages of the pandemic. Understanding viral transmissibility among asymptomatic individuals is critical for successful control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present study aimed to understand SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility among young asymptomatic individuals and to assess whether symptomatology was associated with transmission of symptomatic vs. asymptomatic infections.MethodsWe analyzed one of the first-identified clusters of SARS-CoV-2 infections with multiple chains of transmission that occurred among university students in March 2020 in Kyoto prefecture, Japan, using discrete and two-type branching process models. Assuming that the number of secondary cases resulting from either primary symptomatic or asymptomatic cases independently followed negative binomial distributions, we estimated the relative reproduction numbers of an asymptomatic case compared with a symptomatic case. To explore the potential association between symptomatology and transmission of symptomatic vs. asymptomatic incident infections, we also estimated the proportion of secondary symptomatic cases produced by primary symptomatic and asymptomatic cases.ResultsThe reproduction number for a symptomatic primary case was estimated at 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61-2.09). The relative reproduction number for asymptomatic cases was estimated at 0.19 (95% CI: 0.03-0.66), indicating that asymptomatic primary cases did not result in sufficient numbers of secondary infections to maintain chains of transmission. There was no apparent tendency for symptomatic primary cases to preferentially produce symptomatic secondary cases.ConclusionsUsing data from a transmission network during the early epidemic in Japan, we successfully estimated the relative transmissibility of asymptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection at 0.22. These results suggest that contract tracing focusing on symptomatic index cases may be justified given limited testing capacity.

Dataset Information

Enhanced contact investigations for nine early travel-related cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States.

Publications

Enhanced contact investigations for nine early travel-related cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets