Dataset Information

A Randomized, Crossover Study of the Acute Cognitive and Cerebral Blood Flow Effects of Phenolic, Nitrate and Botanical Beverages in Young, Healthy Humans.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:In whole foods, polyphenols exist alongside a wide array of other potentially bioactive phytochemicals. Yet, investigations of the effects of combinations of polyphenols with other phytochemicals are limited. OBJECTIVE:The current study investigated the effects of combining extracts of beetroot, ginseng and sage with phenolic-rich apple, blueberry and coffee berry extracts. DESIGN:This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design investigated three active beverages in 32 healthy adults aged 18-49 years. Each investigational beverage comprised extracts of beetroot, ginseng and sage. Each also contained a phenolic-rich extract derived from apple (containing 234 mg flavanols), blueberry (300 mg anthocyanins) or coffee berry (440 mg chlorogenic acid). Cognition, mood and CBF parameters were assessed at baseline and then again at 60, 180 and 360 min post-drink. RESULTS:Robust effects on mood and CBF were seen for the apple and coffee berry beverages, with increased subjective energetic arousal and hemodynamic responses being observed. Fewer effects were seen with the blueberry extract beverage. CONCLUSIONS:Either the combination of beetroot, ginseng and sage was enhanced by the synergistic addition of the apple and coffee berry extract (and to a lesser extent the blueberry extract) or the former two phenolic-rich extracts were capable of evincing the robust mood and CBF effects alone.

SUBMITTER: Jackson PA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7468953 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Randomized, Crossover Study of the Acute Cognitive and Cerebral Blood Flow Effects of Phenolic, Nitrate and Botanical Beverages in Young, Healthy Humans.

Jackson Philippa A PA Wightman Emma L EL Veasey Rachel R Forster Joanne J Khan Julie J Saunders Caroline C Mitchell Siobhan S Haskell-Ramsay Crystal F CF Kennedy David O DO

Nutrients 20200728 8

<h4>Background</h4>In whole foods, polyphenols exist alongside a wide array of other potentially bioactive phytochemicals. Yet, investigations of the effects of combinations of polyphenols with other phytochemicals are limited.<h4>Objective</h4>The current study investigated the effects of combining extracts of beetroot, ginseng and sage with phenolic-rich apple, blueberry and coffee berry extracts.<h4>Design</h4>This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design investigated thr ...[more]

PMID: 32731478

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Project description:New findingsWhat is the central question of this study? We sought to establish between-day reproducibility in estimates of middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in young, healthy male and female adults in tightly controlled experimental conditions. What is the main finding and its importance? Measures of MCAv assessed during morning, afternoon and evening hours are reproducible between days. There is diurnal variation in CVR, with values being highest during the evening compared with the morning. Greater diurnal variation in CVR is associated with more efficient sleep and greater nocturnal blood pressure dipping. These data enhance our understanding of modulators of MCAv and CVR.AbstractTranscranial Doppler (TCD) is used to assess cerebral blood velocity (CBV) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). Assessments of TCD reproducibility are limited, and few include multiple within-day measurements. We sought to establish reproducibility of CBV and CVR in healthy adults during three time periods (morning, afternoon and evening). We hypothesized that CBV and CVR measured at the same time of day are reproducible between days. We also hypothesized that CBV and CVR exhibit diurnal variation, with measurements being higher in the evening compared with morning/afternoon hours. Twelve adults [six male and six female, 27 years (95% CI, 22-31 years)] completed three measurements (morning, afternoon and evening) on two separate days in controlled conditions (e.g., meals, activity and sleep). Middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv, TCD) was measured continuously at rest and during two CVR tests (end-expiratory apnoea and carbogen inhalation). Intraclass correlation coefficients for resting MCAv showed moderate to good reproducibility, which did not differ between morning, afternoon and evening (0.87, 0.56 and 0.67, respectively; P > 0.05). Intraclass correlation coefficients for peak MCAv during apnoea (0.80, 0.46 and 0.65, respectively; P > 0.05) and minute 2 of carbogen inhalation (0.81, 0.74 and 0.73, respectively; P > 0.05) were also not different from morning compared with afternoon/evening. Time of day had no effect on resting MCAv (F = 0.69, P = 0.51, ƞp 2 = 0.06) or the peak response to apnoea (F = 1.00, P = 0.39, ƞp 2 = 0.08); however, peak MCAv during carbogen breathing exhibited diurnal variation, with highest values in the evening (F = 3.41, P = 0.05, ƞp 2 = 0.24). Measures of CBV and CVR assessed via TCD during morning, afternoon and evening hours are reproducible between days. There is diurnal variation in the MCAv response to carbogen exposure, with CVR being highest during evening compared with morning hours.

Project description:BackgroundDietary nitrate consumption can increase concentrations of nitrate and nitrite in blood, saliva, and urine. Whether the change in concentrations is influenced by age is currently unknown.ObjectivesWe aimed to measure changes in nitrate and nitrite concentrations in plasma, urine, and saliva and exhaled NO concentrations after single incremental doses of dietary nitrate in young and older healthy adults.MethodsTwelve young (18-35 y old) and 12 older (60-75 y old) healthy, nonsmoking participants consumed single doses of 100 g, 200 g, 300 g whole beetroot (BR) and 1000 mg potassium nitrate (positive control) ≥7 d apart in a crossover, randomized clinical trial. Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and exhaled NO concentrations were measured over a 5-h period. Salivary nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured over a 12-h period and urinary nitrate over a 24-h period. Time, intervention, age, and interaction effects were measured with repeated-measures ANOVAs.ResultsDose-dependent increases were seen in plasma, salivary, and urinary nitrate after BR ingestion (all P ≤ 0.002) but there were no differences between age groups at baseline (all P ≥ 0.56) or postintervention (all P ≥ 0.12). Plasma nitrite concentrations were higher in young than older participants at baseline (P = 0.04) and after consumption of 200 g (P = 0.04; +25.7 nmol/L; 95% CI: 0.97, 50.3 nmol/L) and 300 g BR (P = 0.02; +50.3 nmol/L; 95% CI: 8.57, 92.1 nmol/L). Baseline fractional exhaled NO (FeNO) concentrations were higher in the younger group [P = 0.03; +8.60 parts per billion (ppb); 95% CI: 0.80, 16.3 ppb], and rose significantly over the 5-h period, peaking 5 h after KNO3 consumption (39.4 ± 4.5 ppb; P < 0.001); however, changes in FeNO were not influenced by age (P = 0.276).ConclusionsBR is a source of bioavailable dietary nitrate in both young and older adults and can effectively raise nitrite and nitrate concentrations. Lower plasma nitrite and FeNO concentrations were found in older subjects, confirming the impact of ageing on NO bioavailability across different systems.This trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN86706442.

Dataset Information

A Randomized, Crossover Study of the Acute Cognitive and Cerebral Blood Flow Effects of Phenolic, Nitrate and Botanical Beverages in Young, Healthy Humans.

Publications

A Randomized, Crossover Study of the Acute Cognitive and Cerebral Blood Flow Effects of Phenolic, Nitrate and Botanical Beverages in Young, Healthy Humans.

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