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Gametophytic self-incompatibility in Andean capuli (Prunus serotina subsp. capuli): allelic diversity at the S-RNase locus influences normal pollen-tube formation during fertilization.

ABSTRACT: Capuli (Prunus serotina subsp. capuli) is a tree species that is widely distributed in the northern Andes. In Prunus, fruit set and productivity appears to be limited by gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) which is controlled by the S-Locus. For the first time, this research reveals the molecular structure of the capuli S-RNase (a proxy for S-Locus diversity) and documents how S-Locus diversity influences GSI in the species. To this end, the capuli S-RNase gene was amplified and sequenced in order to design a CAPS (Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence) marker system that could unequivocally detect S-alleles by targeting the highly polymorphic C2-C3 S-RNase intra-genic region. The devised system proved highly effective. When used to assess S-Locus diversity in 15 P. serotina accessions, it could identify 18 S-alleles; 7 more than when using standard methodologies for the identification of S-alleles in Prunus species. CAPS marker information was subsequently used to formulate experimental crosses between compatible and incompatible individuals (as defined by their S-allelic identity). Crosses between heterozygote individuals with contrasting S-alleles resulted in normal pollen tube formation and growth. In crosses between individuals with exactly similar S-allele identities, pollen tubes often showed morphological alterations and arrested development, but for some (suspected) incompatible crosses, pollen tubes could reach the ovary. The latter indicates the possibility of a genotype-specific breakdown of GSI in the species. Overall, this supports the notion that S-Locus diversity influences the reproductive patterns of Andean capuli and that it should be considered in the design of orchards and the production of basic propagation materials.

SUBMITTER: Gordillo-Romero M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7469932 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Fabaceae species are important in agronomy and livestock nourishment. They have a long breeding history, and most cultivars have lost self-incompatibility (SI), a genetic barrier to self-fertilization. Nevertheless, to improve legume crop breeding, crosses with wild SI relatives of the cultivated varieties are often performed. Therefore, it is fundamental to characterize Fabaceae SI system(s). We address the hypothesis of Fabaceae gametophytic (G)SI being RNase based, by recruiting the same S-RNase lineage gene of Rosaceae, Solanaceae or Plantaginaceae SI species. RESULTS:We first identify SSK1 like genes (described only in species having RNase based GSI), in the Trifolium pratense, Medicago truncatula, Cicer arietinum, Glycine max, and Lupinus angustifolius genomes. Then, we characterize the S-lineage T2-RNase genes in these genomes. In T. pratense, M. truncatula, and C. arietinum we identify S-RNase lineage genes that in phylogenetic analyses cluster with Pyrinae S-RNases. In M. truncatula and C. arietinum genomes, where large scaffolds are available, these sequences are surrounded by F-box genes that in phylogenetic analyses also cluster with S-pollen genes. In T. pratense the S-RNase lineage genes show, however, expression in tissues not involved in GSI. Moreover, levels of diversity are lower than those observed for other S-RNase genes. The M. truncatula and C. arietinum S-RNase and S-pollen like genes phylogenetically related to Pyrinae S-genes, are also expressed in tissues other than those involved in GSI. To address if other T2-RNases could be determining Fabaceae GSI, here we obtained a style with stigma transcriptome of Cytisus striatus, a species that shows significant difference on the percentage of pollen growth in self and cross-pollinations. Expression and polymorphism analyses of the C. striatus S-RNase like genes revealed that none of these genes, is the S-pistil gene. CONCLUSION:We find no evidence for Fabaceae GSI being determined by Rosaceae, Solanaceae, and Plantaginaceae S-RNase lineage genes. There is no evidence that T2-RNase lineage genes could be determining GSI in C. striatus. Therefore, to characterize the Fabaceae S-pistil gene(s), expression analyses, levels of diversity, and segregation analyses in controlled crosses are needed for those genes showing high expression levels in the tissues where GSI occurs.

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Gametophytic self-incompatibility in Andean capuli (Prunus serotina subsp. capuli): allelic diversity at the S-RNase locus influences normal pollen-tube formation during fertilization.

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