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[COVID-19 infection-update].

ABSTRACT: At the end of December 2019 many cases of severe pulmonary inflammation were reported in Hubei Province, China. Nearly all of the affected individuals had had contact to the wet fish market, which was believed to be the source of the novel infection and was closed on 1 January 2020. Subsequently, the Chinese health authorities confirmed that the pathogen was a previously unknown severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the Coronaviridae family. The disease was then designated as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rapidly spread initially in Asia and later worldwide. In March 2020 the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. At the time of manuscript submission, more than 20 million people were affected by COVID-19, with more than 500,000 deaths worldwide. The article gives a general overview on the novel COVID-19 with a specific clinical focus on vascular involvement. The article is essentially based on the currently available evidence and the experiences of the authors.

SUBMITTER: Gassanov N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7471528 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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[COVID-19 infection-update].

Gassanov N N Braun Lambur H H Er F F

Gefasschirurgie : Zeitschrift fur vaskulare und endovaskulare Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschen und der Osterreichischen Gesellschaft fur Gefasschirurgie unter Mitarbeit der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur Gefasschirurgie 20200903 6

At the end of December 2019 many cases of severe pulmonary inflammation were reported in Hubei Province, China. Nearly all of the affected individuals had had contact to the wet fish market, which was believed to be the source of the novel infection and was closed on 1 January 2020. Subsequently, the Chinese health authorities confirmed that the pathogen was a previously unknown severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the <i>Coronaviridae</i> family. The di ...[more]

PMID: 32901177

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Project description:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is emerging as the greatest public health crisis in the early 21stcentury. Its causative agent, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an enveloped single stranded positive-sense ribonucleic acid virus that enters cells via the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor or several other receptors. While COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system, other organs including the brain can be involved. In Western clinical studies, relatively mild neurological dysfunction such as anosmia and dysgeusia is frequent (~70-84%) while severe neurologic disorders such as stroke (~1-6%) and meningoencephalitis are less common. It is unclear how much SARS-CoV-2 infection contributes to the incidence of stroke given co-morbidities in the affected patient population. Rarely, clinically-defined cases of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome and acute necrotizing encephalopathy have been reported in COVID-19 patients. Common neuropathological findings in the 184 patients reviewed include microglial activation (42.9%) with microglial nodules in a subset (33.3%), lymphoid inflammation (37.5%), acute hypoxic-ischemic changes (29.9%), astrogliosis (27.7%), acute/subacute brain infarcts (21.2%), spontaneous hemorrhage (15.8%), and microthrombi (15.2%). In our institutional cases, we also note occasional anterior pituitary infarcts. COVID-19 coagulopathy, sepsis, and acute respiratory distress likely contribute to a number of these findings. When present, central nervous system lymphoid inflammation is often minimal to mild, is detected best by immunohistochemistry and, in one study, indistinguishable from control sepsis cases. Some cases evince microglial nodules or neuronophagy, strongly supporting viral meningoencephalitis, with a proclivity for involvement of the medulla oblongata. The virus is detectable by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, or electron microscopy in human cerebrum, cerebellum, cranial nerves, olfactory bulb, as well as in the olfactory epithelium; neurons and endothelium can also be infected. Review of the extant cases has limitations including selection bias and limited clinical information in some cases. Much remains to be learned about the effects of direct viral infection of brain cells and whether SARS-CoV-2 persists long-term contributing to chronic symptomatology.

Dataset Information

[COVID-19 infection-update].

Publications

[COVID-19 infection-update].

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