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A novel interspecies recombinant enterovirus (Enterovirus A120) isolated from a case of acute flaccid paralysis in China.

ABSTRACT: EV-A120 is a recently identified serotype of the enterovirus A species. Only one full-length genomic sequence is currently available in GenBank, and very few studies have been conducted on EV-A120 globally. Thus, additional information and research on EV-A120 are needed to explore its genetic characteristics, phylogeny, and relationship with enteroviral disease. In this study, we report the phylogenetic characteristics of a EV-A120 strain (Q0082/XZ/CHN/2000) from Tibet, China. The amino acid sequence similarity and nucleotide sequence similarity of the full-length genomic sequence of this EV-A120 strain and the EV-A120 prototype strain were 96.3% and 79.9%, respectively, showing an evolutionary trend. Recombination analysis found intraspecies recombination in the 5' -UTR, 2B, 2C, and 3D regions. Serum neutralization testing of the EV-A120 (Q0082) strain was also carried out. Low serum-positive rates and geometric mean titres (GMTs) indicated that the extent of EV-A120 transmission and exposure in the population was very limited compared with that in the outbreaks of EV-A71 and CV-A16 in China since 2008. The EV-A120 strain (Q0082) is non-temperature sensitive, indicating its potential to spread in the population. In summary, this study reports the full-length genomic sequence of EV-A120 and provides important information for its global molecular epidemiology.

SUBMITTER: Lu H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7473298 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundSeveral inactivated enterovirus-A71 (EV-A71) vaccines are currently licensed in China; however, the development of additional EV-A71 vaccines is ongoing, necessitating extensive analysis of the molecular epidemiology of the virus worldwide. Until 2012, laboratory confirmation of EV-A71 for hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and other associated diseases had not occurred in the Philippines. Because EV-A71 has been linked with cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), AFP surveillance is one strategy for documenting its possible circulation in the country. To expand current knowledge on EV-A71, molecular epidemiologic analysis and genetic characterization of EV-A71 isolates were performed in this study.MethodsA retrospective study was performed to identify and characterize nonpolio enteroviruses (NPEVs) associated with AFP in the Philippines, and nine samples were found to be EV-A71-positive. Following characterization of these EV-A71 isolates, the complete viral protein 1 (VP1) gene was targeted for phylogenetic analysis.ResultsNine EV-A71 isolates detected in 2000 (n = 2), 2002 (n = 4), 2005 (n = 2), and 2010 (n = 1) were characterized using molecular methods. Genomic regions spanning the complete VP1 region were amplified and sequenced using specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length VP1 region identified all nine EV-A71 Philippine isolates as belonging to the genogroup C lineage, specifically the C2 cluster. The result indicated a genetic linkage with several strains isolated in Japan and Taiwan, suggesting that strains in the C2 cluster identified in the Asia-Pacific region were circulating in the Philippines.ConclusionThe study presents the genetic analysis of EV-A71 in the Philippines. Despite some limitations, the study provides additional genetic data on the circulating EV-A71 strains in the Asia-Pacific region, in which information on EV-A71 molecular epidemiology is incomplete. Considering that EV-A71 has a significant public health impact in the region, knowledge of its circulation in each country is important, especially for formulating vaccines covering a wide variety of strains.

Project description:Non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) have been reported frequently in association with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases during Polio Surveillance Programs (PSPs) worldwide. However, there is limited understanding on the attributes of their infections. This study reports characteristics of NPEVs isolated from AFP cases, investigated during PSPs held in 2009-2010, in Karnataka and Kerala states of south-western India having varied climatic conditions. NPEV cell culture isolates derived from stool specimens that were collected from 422 of 2186 AFP cases (<1-14 years age) and 17 of 41 asymptomatic contacts; and details of all AFP cases/contacts were obtained from National Polio Laboratory, Bangalore. The distribution of NPEV infections among AFP cases and circulation pattern of NPEV strains were determined by statistical analysis of the data. Genotyping of all NPEV isolates was carried out by partial VP1 gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. NPEV positive AFP cases were significantly higher in children aged <2 years; with residual paralysis; in summer months; and in regions with relatively hot climate. Genotyping of NPEVs identified predominance of human enteroviruses (HEV)-B species [81.9%-Echoviruses (E): 57.3%; coxsackieviruses (CV) B: 15%; numbered EVs: 8.9%; CVA9: 0.7%] and low levels of HEV-A [14.5%-CVA: 6%; numbered EVs: 8.5%] and HEV-C [3.6%-CVA: 2.6%; numbered EVs: 1%] species, encompassing 63 genotypes. EV76 (6.3%) and each of E3, CVB3 and E9 (4.97%) were found frequently during 2009 while E11 (6.7%), CVB1 (6.1%), E7 (5.1%) and E20 (5.1%) were detected commonly in 2010. A marked proportion of AFP cases from children aged <2 years; presenting with fever; and from north and south interior parts of Karnataka state was detected with E/numbered EVs than that found with CVA/CVB. This study highlights the extensive genetic diversity and diverse circulation patterns of NPEV strains in AFP cases from different populations and climatic conditions.

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A novel interspecies recombinant enterovirus (Enterovirus A120) isolated from a case of acute flaccid paralysis in China.

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